广东省海水养殖污染负荷估算及污染防治对策研究

海水养殖是近岸海域环境污染的重要因素，加强对养殖尾水的管控是防治近岸海域污染的重要一环。本文利用2020年广东省海水养殖产量及主要养殖品种和模式的排污系数对全省海水养殖污染负荷进行了估算。结果表明，2020年广东省海水养殖向海域环境排放的总氮、总磷分别为5581 t、1009 t，各沿海城市污染物排放量的差异较大，养殖种类对污染物排放量的影响更多地受到养殖方式的制约，养殖方式是影响海水养殖污染负荷的最重要因素。在此基础上，从强化政策规划引领、推进绿色养殖发展、加强养殖尾水治理和提升养殖监管能力四个方面提出海水养殖污染防治对策建议，为加强海水养殖污染防治、改善和维护近岸海域环境质量提供依据。

A study on pollution load estimation and pollution prevention countermeasures of mariculture in Guangdong province

Mariculture is an important factor of environmental pollution in coastal waters. Strengthening the control of mariculture tail water discharge is an important part of preventing and controlling pollution in coastal waters. In this paper, the pollution load of mariculture in Guangdong province is estimated by using the output of mariculture and the emission coefficient of main mariculture varieties and modes in 2020. The results show that in 2020, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus discharged from mariculture in Guangdong province to the marine environment are 5581 and 1009 tons respectively. There are great differences in the pollutant emissions along coastal cities. The impact of mariculture species on pollutant emissions is more restricted by mariculture mode, mariculture mode is the most important factor affecting the pollution load of mariculture. On this basis, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the prevention and control of mariculture pollution from four aspects: strengthening the guidance of policy planning, promoting the development of green mariculture, strengthening the treatment of mariculture tail water and improving the ability of mariculture supervision, so as to provide a basis for strengthening the prevention and control of mariculture pollution improving and maintaining the environmental quality of coastal waters.