青岛近海浮游动物的群落特征研究

为研究青岛近海浮游动物的群落特征，利用2015－2016年在青岛近海海域采集的浮游动物样品，分析了浮游动物的种类组成、丰度、优势种、生物多样性以及季节变化。研究海域共记录浮游动物成体44种，浮游幼虫17类，浮游动物主要以近岸暖温及广温、广盐种类为主，优势种季节变化明显。小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)和近缘大眼剑水蚤(Corycaeus affinis)全年都是研究海域的优势种。浮游动物丰度6月最高(8662.0±8890.0) ind./m3]，12月最低(426.9±148.5) ind./m3]，年平均丰度为(3059.2±3012.4) ind./m3。香农-威纳多样性指数12月最高，6月最低。研究海区浮游动物可划分为胶州湾群落、南黄海沿岸群落和南黄海中部群落。浮游动物的群落组成季节变化明显，可分为冬季组(12月和1月)、春-夏初组(4月和6月)和秋季组(9月)。环境因子温度、盐度、深度以及Chl a中影响浮游动物群落结构的最佳环境因子组合为底层盐度和深度。

Zooplankton community structures of Qingdao coastal water

The community structures of zooplankton in the coastal waters of Qingdao and their adjacent waters were characterized based on the samples collected in December 2015, January 2016, April 2016, June 2016 and September 2016. The species composition, abundance, dominant species, biodiversity and the seasonal variation of the zooplankon were analyzed. A total of 44 species and 17 taxa of zooplankton larvae were identified, mainly consisting of warm temperate species, eurythermal speices and euryhaline species. The seasonal variation of dominant species was obvious. Paracalanus parvus, Calanus sinicus and Corycaeus affinis were the dominant species in the study area throughout the year. The abundance of zooplankton peaked in June (8662.0±8890.0) ind./m3 while the lowest of that showed in December (426.9±148.5) ind./m3 with the annual average of (3059.2±3012.4) ind./m3. In contrast, the Shannon-Weiner diversity index of December samples was the highest one among seasons while that of June was the lowest. Cluster analyses grouped zooplankton into three communities, including the Jiaozhou bay community, the South Yellow Sea coast community and the South Yellow Sea central community. The zooplankton community showed a signifcant seasonality, and it was clusterd to three gourps: the winter group (December-January), the spring-early summer group (April-June) and the autumn group (September). The primary environmental factors affecting zooplankton community were bottom salinity and depth.