稳定化处理对矿渣中重金属迁移转化的影响研究

土壤中重金属的不同存在形态会产生不同的环境效应,并直接影响重金属的毒性、迁移性和生物有效性.以石灰、粉煤灰、干化污泥、花生壳为稳定剂,对某金矿区含重金属矿渣进行组合处理;通过重金属形态分析、淋滤试验、植物盆栽试验,探讨矿渣中重金属的迁移转化规律.结果表明,添加稳定剂后,酸性矿渣的pH升高至中性以上,有机质含量显著增加.矿渣中As、Pb、Zn的主要存在形态为残渣态,添加粉煤灰、干化污泥和花生壳使矿渣中可交换态As和有机结合态As含量分别降低了65.6%、87.7%;添加石灰、粉煤灰和花生壳使矿渣中铁锰氧化物结合态As主要向碳酸盐结合态As转化;添加石灰和粉煤灰使矿渣中的可交换态、铁锰氧化物结合态和有机结合态Pb、Zn主要向残渣态Pb、Zn转化.经前期稳定化处理后,矿渣淋滤液中As、Pb、Zn的含量均有不同程度的下降,添加花生壳处理后淋滤液中的As、Pb、Zn含量进一步下降.其中,粉煤灰、干化污泥和花生壳处理后淋滤液中As含量下降最显著,降幅为57.4%;石灰、粉煤灰和花生壳处理后淋滤液中Zn含量下降最显著,降幅为24.9%.添加稳定剂处理矿渣明显有利于植物的萌发与生长,其中添加粉煤灰、干化污泥和花生壳效果最好,香根草的萌发率为76%.

Effects of Stabilization Treatment on Migration and Transformation of Heavy Metals in Mineral Waste Residues

Different forms of heavy metals in soil will produce different environmental effects, and will directly influence the toxicity, migration and bioavailability of heavy metals. This study used lime, fly ash, dried sludge, peanut shells as stabilizers in the treatment of heavy metals in mineral waste residues. Morphological analyses of heavy metal, leaching experiments, potted plant experiments were carried out to analyze the migration and transformation of heavy metals. The results showed that after adding stabilizers, the pH of the acidic mineral waste residues increased to more than neutral, and the organic matter content increased significantly. The main existing forms of As, Pb, and Zn in the mineral waste residues were the residual. The contents of exchangeable and organic matter-bound As decreased by 65.6% and 87.7% respectively after adding fly ash, dried sludge and peanut shells. Adding lime, fly ash and peanut shells promoted the transformation of As from the Fe-Mn oxide-bound to the carbonate-bound, and adding lime and fly ash promoted the transformation of Pb and Zn from the exchangeable, Fe-Mn oxide-bound, organic matter-bound to the residual. After the early stage of the stabilization treatment, the contents of As, Pb and Zn in the leachate had varying degrees of decline, and adding peanut shells could reduce the contents of As, Pb and Zn in the leachate further. Among them, the content of As decreased most significantly after treatment with fly ash, dried sludge and peanut shells, with a decline of 57.4%. After treatment with lime, fly ash and peanut shells, the content of Zn decreased most significantly, by 24.9%. The addition of stabilizers was advantageous to the germination and growth of plants. The combination of fly ash, dried sludge and peanut shell produced the best effect, and the Vetiveria zizanioides germination rate reached 76% in the treated wasted mineral residues.