岩溶地下河系统多介质中多环芳烃污染特征及来源解析

为了确定岩溶地下河系统内不同环境介质中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征及来源,选择典型的清水泉地下河为研究对象,采用2013~2014年同期采集的空气、地下河水、沉积物和土壤样品测试数据,运用16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的成分谱、分布特征和特征比值,结合其物理化学性质进行对比分析.结果表明,空气和地下河水以萘(Nap)、菲(Phe)和荧蒽(Fl A)这3种2~3环PAHs为主,其中空气的2~3环PAHs比例为71.66%,地下河水的2~3环PAHs比例为54.84%,而沉积物和土壤以4~6环PAHs为主,其中沉积物的4~6环PAHs比例为54.26%,土壤的4~6环PAHs比例为65.06%;环境介质中PAHs的浓度变化表明上游小于中游,中游小于下游,这与污染源排放、吸附作用等相关;PAHs来源解析表明,上游乡村地区PAHs来源以草、木、煤燃烧源为主,敢怀村天窗附近显示为石油源,地下河出口处PAHs来源则以石油源和燃烧源的混合源为主.

Contamination Characteristics and Source Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Multimedium in Karst Underground River

In order to understand the contamination characteristics of PAHs in different environmental mediums of karst underground river, the authors chose the Qingshuiquan underground river as the study object. Based on the data of air, groundwater, sediment and soil samples collected during the same period from 2013 to 2014, contrastive analysis was conducted in light of the component spectra,the distribution features and the characteristic ratios as well as the chemical and physical properties of 16 kinds of PAHs. The results showed that 3 kinds of PAHs with 2-3 rings (naphthalenes, phenanthrene and fluoranthene) were dominant in the air and underground river water, which accounted for 71.66% and 54.84% of the total PAHs. And PAHs with 4-6 rings were dominant in the soil and sediment of the underground river, which accounted for 54.26% and 65.06% of the total PAHs. The distribution of PAHs in environmental mediums along the underground river indicated that the mean concentration PAHs in upstream area was less than that of midstream,and that of midstream was less than that of downstream, because of pollution discharge and absorption. The ratios of specific PAHs indicated that the PAHs sources in upstream rural area mainly came from the combustion of grassy, wood and coal, the PAHs sources in Ganhuai village were mainly originated from petroleum, and the PAHs sources in the outlet of the underground river mainly came from both petroleum and its combustion.