长江中下游浅水湖泊水下辐照度漫射衰减特征研究

基于2007年9月底和10月初在湖北武汉东湖、梁子湖、洪湖以及2010年4月在昆山市傀儡湖进行的水下光场测定数据,分析了4个湖泊漫射衰减系数变化特征及其主导因素.在东湖和傀儡湖各站点水体主要光学因子变化不大,梁子湖和洪湖由于具有草型和藻型湖区,所以各因子在不同点位变化较大.通过对透明度和各光衰减因子的回归分析可知,无机颗粒物是影响东湖和傀儡湖透明度的主要因子,而梁子湖和洪湖透明度则受无机和有机颗粒物的共同制约.4个湖泊的光谱漫射衰减系数最低值均出现在580 nm处,在675 nm处各点均具有相应的叶绿素a的特征吸收峰,在叶绿素a浓度较低站点衰减峰相对不明显.东湖平均真光层深度小于湖体平均深度,在目前的光场条件下沉水植物很难生长,而在梁子湖、洪湖和傀儡湖其真光层深度均超过了水深,为沉水植物的生长提供了良好的水下光环境.对PAR衰减与各衰减因子进行回归分析发现,在东湖、傀儡湖主导PAR衰减的是无机颗粒物,梁子湖和洪湖PAR衰减受到无机颗粒物、有机颗粒物和叶绿素a的共同作用.颗粒物特征波长750 nm处的光束衰减系数与PAR漫射衰减系数存在显著正相关,说明颗粒物散射显著贡献水下光辐射漫射衰减.研究结果有助于指导浅水湖泊水下光场条件改善和沉水植物恢复.

Characteristics of Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient of Underwater Irradiance in the Lakes in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River

Based on the underwater irradiance profile measurement and water samples collection in September, October 2007 in Lake Donghu, Lake Liangzi and Lake Honghu, and in April in 2010 in Lake Kuileihu, the diffuse attenuation coefficient and the dominant attenuation factors were analyzed. The ranges of diffuse attenuation coefficient and total suspended solid (TSS), organic suspended solid (OSS), inorganic suspended solid (ISS), chlorophyll a (Chla), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations varied less in Lake Donghu and Lake Kuileihu than in Lake Liangzi and Lake Honghu. The regression analysis showed that ISS was the dominant affecting factor of transparency in Lake Donghu and Lake Kuileihu, but ISS and OSS jointly controlled the variation of transparency in Lake Liangzi and Lake Honghu. The diffuse attenuation coefficient minima occurred near 580 nm. At around 675 nm, the diffuse attenuation coefficient peak was due to phytoplankton absorption, especially at sites with high pigment concentration. The euphotic depth was less than the mean water depth in Lake Donghu, suggesting that the submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) can not grow in the present underwater light climate. However, the euphotic depth was larger than the mean water depth in other three lakes showing that the underwater light climate can meet the light requirements for the growth of SAV. The regression analysis showed that ISS was the dominant affecting factor of PAR attenuation in Lake Donghu and Lake Kuileihu, but ISS, OSS and Chla jointly controlled PAR attenuation in Lake Liangzi and Lake Honghu. The significant correlation between the beam attenuation coefficient at 750 nm and PAR diffuse attenuation coefficient showed that the particles scattering significantly contributed to underwater irradiance attenuation.