人工湿地在应用中存在的问题及解决措施

人工湿地是近几十年发展起来的一种污水生态处理工程技术,它将污水处理和环境生态有机地结合起来,在有效处理污水的同时也美化了环境,创造了生态景观,带来了环境效益和一定的经济效益.人工湿地自发展以来,以其独特的优势广受人们关注,并广泛应用于处理生活污水、工业废水、矿山及石油开采废水等.但是人工湿地在实际应用过程中也暴露出了很多问题,如易受气候条件和温度的影响,基质易饱和易堵塞,易受植物种类影响,占地面积较大,管理不合理,设计不规范,生态服务功能单一等,这些问题在一定程度上影响了人工湿地对污水的处理效果,缩短了人工湿地的使用寿命,阻碍了人工湿地的推广应用.针对目前人工湿地在应用中存在的这些问题提出了相应的解决措施,提高人工湿地对污水的处理效果,期望能够为人工湿地的应用及推广提供参考.

Problems and Countermeasures in the Application of Constructed Wetlands

Constructed wetlands as a wastewater eco-treatment technology are developed in recent decades. It combines sewage treatment with the eco-environment in an efficient way. It treats the sewage effectively, and meanwhile beautifies the environment, creates ecological landscape, and brings benefits to the environment and economics. The unique advantages of constructed wetlands have attracted intensive attention since developed. Constructed wetlands are widely used in treatment of domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, and wastewater from mining and petroleum production. However, many problems are found in the practical application of constructed wetland, e. g. they are vulnerable to changes in climatic conditions and temperature, their substrates are easily saturated and plugged, they are readily affected by plant species, they often occupy large areas, and there are other problems including irrational management, non-standard design, and a single function of ecological service. These problems to a certain extent influence the efficiency of constructed wetlands in wastewater treatment, shorten the life of the artificial wetland, and hinder the application of artificial wetland. The review presents correlation analysis and countermeasures for these problems, in order to improve the efficiency of constructed wetland in wastewater treatment, and provide reference for the application and promotion of artificial wetland.