中国加油站VOC排放污染现状及控制

应用排放因子法估算了2002年度全国加油站VOC的排放量.在综合考虑经济,社会,人口等各方面因素后,通过调整现有的活动水平估算了未来20a内全国的燃油消耗情况,以及VOC排放的增长趋势.结果表明:2002年我国加油站VOC排放量为187.6×10³t,由此造成的经济损失达到了7.5×10⁸元人民币.在维持现有控制水平情况下,到2030年VOC排放量将达到1196×10³t,经济损失高达47.8×10⁸元人民币.比较了StageⅠ、StageⅡ油气回收系统以及ORVR的回收效率和成本,并对其可行性和经济适用性进行分析.结果表明:这3种回收技术的引进将会大规模的消减加油站VOC的排放,并且选择性的措施组合能够取得更好的效果.相对于StageⅡ回收系统,ORVR的效率更高费用更低.但是ORVR的引进需要比StageⅡ更长的时间,为了达到80%的普及率至少需要11a左右.为在短期内达到一定的控制要求,可优先考虑StageⅡ回收技术;但是从长期的环境和经济效应来看,ORVR才是最终的选择.

VOC Emission Situation and Control Measures of Gas Station in China

The environment and economic problem caused by gasoline vapor from gas station has been got more and more attention in China. The emission factor is used to estimate the volatile organic carbon (VOC) emission caused by gas station. After considering the economical, social and population factors, the activity rate has been modified, and then the fuel consumption and voc emission trend in the next 20 years can be predicted. The result shows the VOC emission from gas station in China 2002 is 187.6kt and this number will increase to 1196kt in 2030 if no further control measures will be implemented. And the economic loss caused by gasoline vapor arrived to 0.75 billion RMB in 2002 and will be 4.78 billion RMB in 2030. The cost-benefit approach of the commercially available gasoline vapor recovery technologies in China included Stage I, Stage II and on-board refueling vapor recovery (ORVR) has been analyzed, and the result shows introducing these three systems will bring larger reduce of VOC emission, and the combination of them can do a even better job. Compared with Stage II, ORVR is more efficient and cheaper, but it will take long time to implement ORVR. And it will take at least 11 years in China to convert to ORVR above 80%. So Stage II vapor recovery system may be a short term option while ORVR should be treated as the ultimate solution for controlling the vapor emission from gas stations in the future.