生物炭对热带地区辣椒种植土壤N2O排放及其功能基因的影响

生物炭具有一定的增产和减少N₂O排放效果，但关于其相关氮循环微生物作用的动态变化过程了解较少.为探明热带地区生物炭的增产减排效应潜力及相关微生物动态作用机制，通过辣椒盆栽试验对比添加生物炭(B)、常规施肥(CON)和不施氮(CK)处理对辣椒产量、氧化亚氮(N₂O)的排放及相关功能基因丰度的影响.结果表明，CON处理产量高于CK处理；与CON处理相比，生物炭显著增加辣椒产量18.0%(P<0.05),添加生物炭在辣椒生长的大部分时期增加土壤NH⁺₄-N和NO^-₃-N含量；在辣椒的生长周期内，相比CON处理，生物炭处理显著减少土壤N₂O累积排放量18.3%(P<0.05).N₂O排放通量与氨氧化古菌(AOA)和氨氧化细菌(AOB)的amoA基因丰度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);与nosZ基因丰度呈显著负相关(P<0.05),表明N₂O排放可能主要来自反硝化过程；在辣椒生...

Effects of Biochar Amendment on N2O Emission and Its Functional Genes in Pepper Growing Soil in Tropical Areas

Biochar application may mitigate N₂O emissions and increase crop yield, yet little is known about microbial dynamics variation. To investigate the potential of increasing yield and reducing emissions of biochar in tropical areas and the dynamic mechanism of related microorganisms, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the biochar application on pepper yield, N₂O emissions, and dynamic variation of related microorganisms. Three treatments were applied:2% biochar amendment (B), conventional fertilization (CON), and no nitrogen (CK). The results showed that the yield of the CON treatment was higher than that of the CK treatment. Compared with that of the CON treatment, biochar amendment significantly increased the yield of pepper by 18.0% (P<0.05), and biochar amendment could increase the content of NH⁺₄-N and NO^-₃-N in soil in most periods of pepper growth. Compared with that in the CON treatment, the B treatment significantly reduced cumulative N₂O emissions by 18.3% (P<0.05). Ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA)-amoA and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB)-amoA were very significantly negatively correlated with N₂O flux (P<0.01). N₂O flux was significantly negatively correlated with nosZ gene abundance (P<0.05). This indicated that N₂O emission may have mainly resulted from the denitrification process. In the early stage of pepper growth, biochar significantly reduced N₂O emissions by reducing the value of (nirK+nirS)/nosZ, whereas in the late stage of pepper growth, the value of (nirK+nirS)/nosZ of the B treatment was higher than that of the CON treatment, resulting in higher N₂O flux in the B treatment. Therefore, biochar amendment could not only increase vegetable production in tropical areas but also reduce N₂O emissions, which can be used as a new strategy to improve soil fertility in Hainan Province and other tropical areas.