铅锌矿周边岩溶流域重金属污染及健康风险评价

水质是岩溶区可持续发展中最重要的环境问题之一.为探讨铅锌矿周边岩溶流域重金属污染及健康风险，采集了思的河岩溶流域河水和地下水样品18组，测定了9种重金属的浓度（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn、Fe、As、Cr和Sr），采用了主成分分析、相关分析、水质指数、内梅罗综合污染指数、危害商和危害指数进行分析.结果表明，思的河水呈微碱性，河水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn、Fe、As和Sr浓度距离尾矿库越远其浓度越低.主成分分析和相关分析表明，思的河岩溶流域的重金属主要来自矿山废水的排放（55.42%）、碳酸岩风化溶解（21.41%）和人类活动（14.72%）.河水中82%的样品为优质水，地下水样均为优质水，河水中内梅罗综合污染指数为4.12，属于强污染级，所有危害指数均在1以下.Pb、Zn、As、Cd和Cr是思的河岩溶流域内有潜在威胁的金属.重金属进入岩溶管道后浓度发生了明显变化，表明岩溶含水层特有性质影响着重金属浓度的空间变化.研究结果可为思的河流域和类似岩溶水流域的水资源污染防治和人类健康保护提供数据参考.

Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risk Assessment in Karst Basin Around a Lead-Zinc Mine

Water quality is one of the most important environmental issues in the sustainable development of karst areas. To investigate heavy metal pollution and assess health risk in karst water basins around mines, 18 groups of water samples were collected from the river and groundwater in the Sidi River karst basin, and the concentrations of nine types of heavy metals(Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn, Fe, As, Cr, and Sr) were determined. Sample data were analyzed using principal component analysis, correlation analysis, water quality index, the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index, hazard quotient, and hazard index. The results showed that the Sidi River was slightly alkaline. The farther the river water samples were from the tailings reservoir, the lower were the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn, Fe, As, and Sr in the river water. Principal component and correlation analyses showed that heavy metals in the Sidi River karst basin mainly came from mine discharge(55.42%), carbonate weathering dissolution(21.41%), and human activities(14.72%). Eighty-two percent of the samples in the river and all the samples in the groundwater were excellent water. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index in the river was 4.12 with strong pollution. All the hazard indices were below 1, and Pb, Zn, As, Cd, and Cr were potentially threatening metals in the Sidi River karst basin. The concentration of heavy metals changed significantly after entering the karst conduit, indicating that the unique properties of the karst aquifer affected the spatial variation of the heavy metal concentration. The results of this study can provide data reference for water resource prevention and human health protection in the Sidi River karst basin and similar karst basins.