人类活动影响下水化学特征的影响: 以西江中上游流域为例

对西江中上游3个代表性断面进行一个完整水文年每月3次的观测和取样,利用水化学、流量等数据,探讨自然过程和人为活动影响下的河流水化学演化过程.对研究区116个水样的水化学特征进行分析.研究区的类型为HCO-3-Ca2+型,化学风化类型主要属于岩石风化,Ca2+和HCO-3是主要的阳离子和阴离子,反映了岩溶地区河水化学特征主要受碳酸盐岩溶解影响.Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl-主要受自然条件控制,人类活动影响对其影响不大.K+、NO-3、SO2-4、HCO-3不同程度地受到人类活动的影响并且显示出不同的影响途径.本研究对我国南方季风区河流水化学变化、水质特征、下游珠江物质输送通量的影响、水质保护具有重要意义.

Effect of Hydrochemistry Characteristics Under Impact of Human Activity: A Case Study in the upper Reaches of the Xijiang River Basin

In this paper, observation and sampling were taken three times a month in a hydrological year for three typical sections of the middle and upper reaches of the Xijiang River basin, based on the data of hydrochemistry and flow, the article mainly discusses the evolution process of hydrochemistry in river under natural process and impact of human activity. Hydrochemical characteristics of 116 samples were analyzed in the study area. The hydrochemistry type in the middle and upper reaches of the Xijiang River basin belonged to HCO₃^--Ca²⁺ type, and the chemical weathering type mainly came from carbonate rock weathering. Ca²⁺ and HCO₃^- were the main cations and anions, which reflected that hydrochemical characteristics of river in karst area mainly affected by the dissolution of carbonate rock. Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Cl^- mainly affected by natural conditions, the impact of human activity was little. K⁺, NO₃^-, SO₄^2- and HCO₃^- were affected by human activity in different degrees, and it showed different influence ways. This study had an important significance for the change of river hydrochemistry, water quality characteristics, and the effect on substance transported fluxes in the downstream of Pearl River and water quality protection in South China Monsoon Area.