太湖夏季水体中尿素的来源探析

为研究尿素氮在太湖生态系统中的作用,于夏季采集湖体及环湖河道水样进行尿素及不同形态氮素含量分析.通过河道及湖体的82个调查点位生态指标的同步分析,得出以下结果:①太湖尿素氮含量变化范围为0.011~0.161 mg·L-1,总体呈现出西北高,东南低的变化趋势,与流域主要污染源分布有关;②太湖水体溶解性氮以无机氮库为主,铵硝比为5∶1,其中尿素氮占总氮、溶解性总氮、溶解性有机氮和生物可利用氮的平均质量分数分别为2.28%、5.91%、15.86%、6.22%,生态作用不容忽视;③环湖河道的尿素氮含量比湖体高出一倍,出湖河道尿素氮含量还略高于入湖河道;④太湖尿素氮与其他形式氮之间可能存在彼此转换关系,尿素氮含量与高锰酸盐指数、不同形态氮含量均呈显著正相关关系,与溶解氧呈显著负相关关系;湖体的尿素氮含量与叶绿素a含量呈弱正相关,与底栖生物、浮游动物种群的空间分布有密切联系.本研究表明太湖水体中尿素氮可能是湖体有机、无机态氮转化的桥梁,是湖体自身氮素循环快慢的标志,氮的循环速率控制尿素氮含量,高氮(特别是有机态氮)含量及低溶解氧条件是尿素升高的前提.太湖湖体尿素含量受外源输入和内源转化的双重影响.

Source Analysis of Urea-N in Lake Taihu During Summer

To study the effect of urea nitrogen on the ecosystem of Lake Taihu, we conducted urea and various nitrogen analysis for the water samples collected from the lake and surrounding rivers during summer. The ecological index analysis of 82 sites in rivers and lake yielded the following results: 1 The urea nitrogen contents in Taihu ranged from 0.011 to 0.161 mg·L^-1, which was high in the northwest and low in the southeast, related to the main pollution sources distribution of its drainage basin. 2 The dissolved nitrogen was dominated by inorganic nitrogen and the ratio between ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen was 5:1. The average percentage of urea nitrogen in total nitrogen, dissolved nitrogen, dissolved organic nitrogen and bioavailable nitrogen was respectively 2.28%, 5.91%, 15.86%, and 6.22%, which showed a significant ecological function in Taihu. 3 Urea nitrogen concentration in river was more than twice that in lake, and the lake river concentration was slightly higher than the river into the lake. 3 In Taihu, there was a transformation relationship between urea nitrogen and the nitrogen in other forms. It showed that urea nitrogen had a significant positive correlation with permanganate index and the other forms of nitrogen, and a significant negative correlation with dissolved oxygen. In addition, urea nitrogen was weakly and positively correlated with chlorophyll a, while closely related to the spatial distribution of benthos and zooplankton species. All the results above showed that urea nitrogen was the bridge of organic and inorganic nitrogen transformation, and was the sign of nitrogen cycle of Lake Taihu, which was controlled by the circulating rate. High nitrogen content (especially the organic nitrogen) and low dissolved oxygen content were the key contributors to the increased urea nitrogen content. In Taihu, the urea nitrogen content was affected by both exogenous input and endogenous release.