土地利用对太湖入流河道营养盐的影响

土地利用类型是影响面源营养盐负荷的重要因素.为定量揭示不同土地类型对太湖流域入湖河流营养盐浓度的影响，本文以太湖西岸乌溪港流域为例，基于流域土地利用类型的遥感解译，结合河道水质监测数据，分析了流域土地利用对太湖入流河道营养盐浓度的影响.结果发现，河道水质与土地利用类型联系紧密：旱地农田和建筑用地占比对河道氮、磷、有机碳及浮游植物叶绿素a等营养盐相关水质指标影响巨大，果园用地占比也与河道营养盐浓度正相关，而林地占比则与营养盐浓度负相关；流域水域的利用情况及其面积占比也显著影响河道营养盐：河流及水库等的水体面积占比与河道溶解性总氮及硝态氮浓度负相关，自然坑塘及鱼塘等水域面积占比则与河道硝态氮和氨氮浓度负相关，而河流及鱼塘面积占比与河道溶解性总磷、溶解性有机碳和高锰酸盐指数等浓度呈正相关，自然坑塘面积占比与河道颗粒态磷和浮游植物叶绿素a浓度呈正相关.土地利用类型对河道水质的影响程度还受其距河远近的影响.上述结果表明在太湖等平原河网地区营养盐的面源污染控制中应当将土地与湿地的利用管控作为重点实施管理，将湿地水域的自净能力提升纳入流域营养盐控制方案，并特别重视下游河道两岸旱地及建筑用地的面源污染削减.

Effects of Land Use on Nutrient Concentrations in the Inflow River of Lake Taihu, China

Land use is an important factor affecting non-point nutrient loading. Here, the Wuxi River basin was selected to analyze the influence of sub-basin land use on nutrient concentrations using remotely sensed land use data and monthly river water quality variables from October 2019 to September 2020. The results showed that the water quality of the river was closely related to land-use type. Specifically, dryland farmland, villages, and building land have a strong promoting influence on nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, and phytoplankton chlorophyll a. The proportion of orchard land was also positively correlated with river nutrient concentrations. A negative correlation was observed between the proportion of forest land and nutrient concentrations. Moreover, the proportion of the water area in rivers and reservoirs was negatively correlated with the total dissolved nitrogen and nitrate concentrations in the river, and the proportion of the water area in natural pits and fishponds was negatively correlated with river nitrate and ammonia concentrations. Furthermore, the proportion of river and fishpond areas was positively correlated with the concentration of dissolved total phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon, and the permanganate index, while the proportion of the natural pond area was positively correlated with the concentration of particulate phosphorus and phytoplankton chlorophyll a. The influence of land-use types on water quality was also affected by distance from the river. This research indicates that the appropriate utilization of land and wetlands is key to controlling non-point nutrient loading in the river network, including Lake Taihu. Specifically, the self-purification capacity of wetland waters should be incorporated into nutrient control schemes, and special attention should be paid to the reduction of non-point source pollution in the drylands along the downstream riverbanks and urbanized areas.