油田区土壤微生物种群构成及系统分类初步研究

通过直接从土壤中提取总DNA，并对其16S rDNA 片段作PCR-DGGE分析，对油田区土壤微生物种群及其分布进行初步研究.结果表明，本研究改进的方法DNA提取率提高到现有方法的1.4～2.2倍，纯度提高到1.8～2.0；不同区域环境下石油污染土壤的微生物种群构成存在差异，CQ油田和DQ油田种群构成相似性较高，SL油田和YM油田则差异显著，其影响因素包括含油率、含水量等土壤基本特性；各油田土壤微生物与参考序列的相似性达89%～100%；油田区土壤香农-威纳指数分布在0.5～1.2之间，且随着微生物数量和活性的升高略有增加.通过上述研究可为评价区域环境下石油污染土壤的微生物群落结构，调控和优化污染土壤的微生态环境以及识别优势群落提供客观、可靠的技术依据.

Microbial Community Constitute and Phylogenetic Analysis on Oil Polluted Soils in Oilfields of China

The microbial communities in oil polluted soils from oilfields of China were analyzed using a modern molecular biological approach. The crude total DNA from soils were directly extracted, 16S rDNA fraction were amplified by PCR, the bands were separated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and some of the typical bands were sequenced and compared with the records of NCBI to classify the germs. Comparison of the DNA extraction indicated that the yields were 1.4-2.2 times as much as the existing technique, and the DNA purity reached 1.8-2.0. With higher similarity and correlation in CQ and DQ oilfields but lower in that of SL and YM oilfields, the influence factors to microbial communities consisted in the elementary properties of soil samples such as oil contents, water ratio, etc. Extraction and sequencing analysis of selected 16S rDNA bands demonstrated a range of similarity of 89%-100% to reference bacteria. The Shannon-Weiner index of the oil contaminated soils was 0.5-1.2, and which was increased slightly along with the enhancement of microbial amounts and FDA activities. According to this research, it has possibility in developing a reliable tool for researching oil contaminated soil bacteria diversity, and in applying a credible foundation for adjusting the microbial ecosystem and determining the dominant community in contaminated soils in oilfields.