奥运时段北京及近周边区域空气污染观测与比对分析

为研究奥运时段北京与近周边区域空气质量的相互影响,评价区域污染源协同减排对奥运时段北京空气质量的作用,寻求北京空气污染预警的有效途径,2008-06-01～2008-10-03在北京奥运村以及近周边的河北涿州、廊坊、香河、燕郊进行了空气污染联网观测.结果表明,夏秋季节北京和近周边首要污染物均为颗粒物,北京和周边可吸入颗粒物(PM10)平均质量浓度分别为(114±66)μg/m3和(128±59)μg/m3;细粒子(PM2.5)质量浓度则分别为(77±47)μg/m3和(81±51)μg/m3;臭氧质量浓度小时最大值的平均分别为(164±52)μg/m3和(165±55)μg/m3;NOx分别为(58±23)μg/m3和(25±14)μg/m3.相对于6月,奥运会时段(8月8日～8月24日)北京地区PM10、PM2.5、O3、NOx的浓度分别下降69%、62%、18%和41%,残奥会时段(9月6日～9月17日)PM10、PM2.5、O3、NOx的浓度分别下降56%、49%、17%和16%.北京大气中细粒子浓度受周边影响严重,而NOx有向周边扩散的潜势,夏季臭氧则表现出区域污染的特征.结合气象要素分析表明,近周边区域联网观测,有助于北京空气质量预警研究,并可为区域协同防控空气污染提供科学支撑.

Observations and Comparison Analysis of Air Pollution in Beijing and Nearly Surrounding Areas During Beijing 2008 Olympic Games

In order to study regional air quality, evaluate the interaction of air quality among Beijing and four cities and assess the effects of regional collaborative emission abatement in Beijing and surrounding areas for the Olympic Games period on regional air quality, and seek an effective means of early warning of air pollution, a monitoring network on observation of atmospheric pollutants in Beijing and four nearby cities which were Zhuozhou, Langfang, Xianghe and Yanjiao, was established to measure concentrations of NO(x), O3 and particulate matter in June 2008. The results show that the primary pollutants in Beijing and nearly surrounding areas are particulates during the study periods. The average mass concentrations of PM10 were (114 +/- 66) microg/m3 and (128 +/- 59) microg/m3 in Beijing and nearby cities, respectively, while the average mass concentrations of PM2.5 were (77 +/- 47) microg/m3 and (81 +/- 51) microg/m3, respectively. The average maximum hourly mass concentrations of O3 were (164 +/- 52) microg/m3 and (165 +/- 55) microg/m3, as well as the average mass concentrations of NO(x) were (58 +/- 23) microg/m3 and (25 +/- 14) microg/m3 in Beijing and nearby cities, respectively. Compared to June, concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO(x) decreased by 69%, 62%, 18% and 41% during the Olympic period (from August 8 to 24) and 56%, 49%, 17% and 16% during the Paralympic Games period (from September 6 to 17) in Beijing. The mass concentration of PM2.5 was affected by the surrounding areas of Beijing seriously. The relative high concentrations of NO(x) in Beijing implied NO(x) had the potential tendency to be transported to the surrounding areas. Ozone showed regional pollution characteristics in summer. It shows that the monitoring network on observation of atmospheric pollutants in Beijing and nearly surrounding areas is significant in early warning of air pollution, and could provide scientific support for interregional cooperation of air pollution control.