传统酸浸和微波酸浸处理飞灰重金属的效果及重金属的形态变化特征

采用HCl作为浸出剂,在不同的浸出条件下对垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属进行浸出试验,并采用连续提取程序对酸浸稳定化处理前后的Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn进行形态分析,研究了传统酸浸和微波酸浸对7种重金属的浸出效率及处理前后的形态变化特征.结果表明,酸浸处理能够有效地从飞灰中提取重金属,浸出效率依次为Zn≈Pb＞Cd＞Mn＞Cu＞Cr＞Ni.微波效应可以明显提高大部分重金属的浸出效率,在液固比(L/S)=25 mL/g、时间7 min和1 mol·L-1HCl条件下Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn的浸出率分别为80.17%、15.05%、58.25%、62.42%、8.88%、89.25%和93.03%.对飞灰酸浸残渣进行的连续提取实验表明,传统和微波酸浸处理后飞灰中重金属的可交换态、碳酸盐结合态和Fe-Mn氧化物结合态明显减少,重金属以残留态存在为主,飞灰稳定性显著提高.

Traditional and Microwave Acid Extraction of Heavy Metals from MSWI Fly Ash and Their Redistribution of Fractions

HCl was used as extractant to leach Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn from municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash under traditional and microwave acid extraction conditions. The redistributions of heavy metals were determined using the sequential extraction procedure before and after extraction. The extraction efficiencies and speciation transformation of heavy metals were investigated. The result indicated that acid extraction can extract heavy metals effectively and extraction efficiencies of heavy metals following the sequence of Zn approximately Pb > Cd > Mn > Cu > Cr > Ni. The microwave energy can improve the extraction efficiencies evidently. By the treatment with 1 mol/L HCl, 80.17% of Cd, 15.05% of Cr, 58.25% of Cu, 62.42% of Mn, 8.88% of Ni, 89.25% of Pb and 93.03% of Zn were extracted under the condition of L/S at 25 mL/g fly ash, radiation time at 7 min. The results of sequential extraction procedure reveal that fractions of exchangeable, carbonate, Fe-Mn oxide decreased significantly after acid extraction and the remaining heavy metals mostly bound to residual form. Acid extraction process can increase the environmental safety of fly ash.