百年来滇池沉积物中不同形态氮分布及埋藏特征

为探讨百年来滇池沉积物氮的组成、分布以及埋藏特征,2014年7月在滇池采集6根沉积柱进行氮形态及年代测定.结果表明滇池沉积物总氮含量高,为1 263.68~7 155.17 mg·kg~(-1),硝氮及氨氮含量低,分别为10.00~144.00 mg·kg~(-1)和9.20~146.50 mg·kg~(-1).沉积物中有机氮为主要存在形态,含量为255.80~5 644.25 mg·kg~(-1),平均占总氮含量的91.26%;滇池沉积物总氮污染严重,于70年代开始形成且90年代后期加剧,并呈现滇池南部北部中部的分布特征;近100年来滇池沉积物平均沉积速率为0.092~0.187 g·(cm~2·a)~(-1),随时间先增加后降低再升高,空间上由北向南逐渐降低.沉积物中总氮埋藏速率则随时间逐渐增加,在1990年后几乎呈直线增长,且由南向北逐渐降低;据估算,1900~2014年滇池沉积物总氮埋藏量达92 139.15 t,其中有机氮埋藏量为86 745.62 t,硝氮埋藏量为2 464.16 t,氨氮埋藏量为2 929.37 t.

Distribution and Burial Characteristics of Nitrogen Forms in Sediment of Dianchi Lake During Last Century

In order to analyze the composition, distribution and burial characteristics of nitrogen in sediments of Dianchi Lake in the last hundred years, 6 sediment cores were sampled in July 2014 to determine the contents of different nitrogen species and sedimentary age sequence. The integrated results demonstrated a high content of total nitrogen in sediments ranging from 1263.68-7155.17 mg·kg^-1. The contents of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were low, which were 10.00-144.00 mg·kg^-1and 9.20-146.50 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Organic nitrogen was the main component in the sediments, ranging from 255.80 to 5644.25 mg·kg^-1, composing a large average percentage of 91.26%. In addition, the nitrogen pollution of sediment in Dianchi Lake has reached a high level and is becoming serious since 1970s, which surged in the late 1990s. The spatial difference of total nitrogen was obvious, with comparably the most in the south, less in the north and least in the center. The average deposition rate was changing from 0.092 g·(cm²·a)^-1 to 0.187 g·(cm²·a)^-1 in the last 100 years and increased first, then declined, finally showed a slight upward trend over time. The burial rate of total nitrogen in sediment increased over time and almost grew up straightly after 1990,which decreased from the south to the north of Dianchi Lake in space. It was estimated that the reserves of total nitrogen, organic nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen in the sediment were 92139.15 t, 86745.62 t, 2464.16 t, 2929.37 t, respectively, from 1900 to 2014.