汤逊湖表层沉积物重金属污染与潜在生态风险评价

为了解汤逊湖沉积物重金属的污染特征、空间分布、潜在来源和生态风险,对汤逊湖表层沉积物重金属(As、 Hg、 Cd、 Cr、 Cu、 Pb、 Zn和Ni)含量进行分析,采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物重金属污染现状和潜在生态风险程度进行评价,并利用相关性和主成分分析法解析重金属主要污染物的潜在来源.结果表明,除Cr外,其余重金属含量均高于其背景值.重金属含量存在显著性地域差异,湖泊西南角、东北角Hg、 Cd、 Zn和Cu元素含量较高,可能来自排污口废水排放、渔业和周围工农业活动等复合污染.地累积指数和潜在生态风险表明Hg和Cd处于偏中度污染,Cu、 Pb和Zn处于无-轻度污染,As、 Cr和Ni处于无污染状态;除Hg和Cd分别存在较重和重度的潜在生态风险外,其余元素均处于低风险水平.汤逊湖表层沉积物重金属整体表现为较重生态风险水平.

Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of Tangxun Lake

In order to understand the pollution characteristics, spatial distribution, potential sources, and ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediments of Tangxun Lake, the contents of heavy metals (As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni) in the surface sediments of Tangxun Lake were analyzed, and the pollution status and potential ecological risk degree of heavy metals in the sediments were evaluated using the geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index. The potential sources of heavy metal pollutants were analyzed by correlation and principal component analysis. The results showed that except for Cr, the contents of other heavy metals were higher than their background values. The contents of Hg, Cd, Zn, and Cu were higher in the southwest and northeast corners of the lake, which may come from the combined pollution of sewage discharge, fisheries, and surrounding industrial and agricultural activities. The geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk showed that Hg and Cd were in moderate pollution; Cu, Pb, and Zn were in non-light pollution; and As, Cr, and Ni were in non-pollution. Except for Hg and Cd, there were serious and serious potential ecological risks, and the other elements were at a low risk level. The heavy metals in the surface sediments of Tangxun Lake showed a high ecological risk level.