北京市机动车污染分担率的研究

研究建立了以GIS为平台的北京市机动车排放清单,获得了北京市规划市区内分车型以及分区域的机动车排放分担率.在此基础上,采用修正的ISCST3模型模拟了1995年规划市区CO和NO_x浓度的时空分布情况,并分析了机动车排放对北京市大气浓度的贡献率.结果表明,1995年北京市规划市区CO和NO_x的年排放分担率分别达到了76.8%和40.2%;相应的年浓度分担率则分别为76.5%和68.4%,在城市中心区以及道路边2种污染物的浓度分担率则更高.因此,在北京市对机动车排放污染实施控制是有效削减CO和NO_x的主要途径.

Motor Vehicle Source Contributions to Air Pollutants in Beijing

Beijing's motor vehicle emission inventory based on GIS technology was developed,and used to estimate the contribution rate of different types of vehicles and different areas of vehicles to the total vehicular emissions in the urban area of Beijing.ISCST3,a gaussian dispersion air quality model,was modified at low wind speed condition,and then used to facilitate the study of the spatial and temporal distribution of CO and NO_x concentrations in Beijing.It was shown that vehicle source emissions of CO and NO_x accounted for 768% and 402%,respectively,of the total emissions in 1995.The simulation results also showed that emissions from the vehicle sources had contributed 76 5% and 68 4% of the total CO and NO_x concentrations in urban atmosphere of Beijing in 1995,and were even higher at downtown and near the arteries.Therefore,strategies for CO and NO pollution control will of necessity need to focus on the vehicle sources.