南极旅游资源分类及空间分布特征

南极地区以其独特的旅游资源吸引了越来越多人的注意,近年来赴南极旅游的游客人数快速增长。但国内外对南极旅游资源的研究却相对滞后,对其分类和评价研究几乎处于空白状态。本文对南极旅游资源的分类及空间分布特征进行了初步研究,并对我国南极旅游业发展提出建议,以期为南极旅游资源的评价、开发与保护提供参考。结果表明：南极地区已开展实质性旅游活动的主要旅游资源单体共558个,按属性可分为8个主类、18个亚类和30个基本类型,自然资源类型丰富,水域景观占比较大;旅游资源的空间分布不均衡,在南极半岛西北部格雷厄姆地沿海及附近岛屿、罗斯海周边岛屿及大陆形成了两个高密度集聚区;气候环境条件和旅游资源的可达性是影响该地区旅游资源空间分布的重要因素;与我国相关的南极旅游资源较少,中国在南极旅游开发中的参与度和成熟度也相对较低,未来应尽快摸清南极旅游资源状况,加强南极旅游影响研究,推动我国南极旅游发展。

Research on the classification and spatial distribution of Antarctic tourism resources

With unique tourism resources, the Antarctic attracts more and more attention, and the number of tourists to the region is growing rapidly. However, there have been fewer studies on the Antarctic tourism resources, and the research on the classification and evaluation of its tourism resources is almost blank. In this paper, the classification and spatial distribution of the Antarctic tourist resources are studied, and suggestions for the development of Antarctic tourism are put forward, in order to provide a reference for evaluating, developing and conserving these tourism resources. Results show that: (1) In the Antarctic region, substantive tourist activities have been carried out in 558 major tourist resource units, which can be divided into 8 main types, 18 sub-types and 30 basic types according to different attributes. (2) There are diversified natural tourism resources, among which water landscape occupies a large proportion. (3) The tourism resources are unevenly distributed and typically characterized by aggregated distribution, and two high-density clusters are formed in the Antarctic. One is the coastal areas of Graham Land in the northwest of the Antarctic Peninsula and their surrounding islands, and the other is the islands and continent areas near the Ross Sea. (4) Climatic condition and the accessibility of tourism resources are important factors affecting the spatial distribution of Antarctic tourism resources. (5) There are less Antarctic tourism resources related to China, and China's participation and maturity in the development of Antarctic tourism are relatively low. In the future, China should find out the status of Antarctic tourism resources as soon as possible, strengthen the research on the impact of Antarctic tourism, and promote the development of China's tourism to the Antarctic.