生态保护地协同管控成效评估

分区分类管理是我国生态保护的重要管控制度,生态保护地是事关国家生态安全的关键区域,开展生态保护地保护成效评估及不同类型生态保护地之间的协同管控成效评估具有重要意义。以吉林省自然保护地和重点生态功能区等生态保护地（即禁止开发区和限制开发区）为研究对象,以重要生态空间、植被生态、水源涵养功能为主要内容,基于“禁止开发区—限制开发区—省域”的管控梯度差异,评估分析了生态保护地的协同管控成效。结果表明：（1）从重要生态空间协同管控成效来看,自然保护地的重要生态空间面积比例最高、人类活动干扰指数最低,这与生态保护管控严格程度呈现很好地正相关。但是1980—2015年间重要生态空间面积比例均有所减少,减少幅度与管控严格程度没有表现出正相关。（2）从植被生态协同管控成效来看,植被覆盖总体呈现出自东向西逐步降低的特点,与东部分布有重点生态功能区和森林类自然保护区、西部分布较多的湿地类自然保护地的空间特征一致。但是,由于湿地及水域类型自然保护地面积占比较高,且分布在吉林西部草原和平原区的面积比例较高,自然保护地的年际变化较大、且植被覆盖稳定度低于重点生态功能区。（3）从水源涵养功能协同管控成效来看,水源涵养能力呈现出东部和西部高、中部低的特点,与这两个区域主要分布有森林、草地和湿地等重要生态空间密切相关,也与分布着大面积的重点生态功能区和各类自然保护地密切相关。自然保护区的水源涵养能力最高,且年际变化最小、稳定性最高。

Evaluation of protection effect of coordinated management of different kinds of nature reserves

Ecology reserves are the key regions relating to national ecology security. Diving into different protection regions and taking effective measures play an important role in ecological protection management in China. Evaluation of protection effect of nature reserves and coordinated management of different kinds of nature reserves is of great significance. This paper takes nature reserves and key ecological function regions in Jilin as study reasons, they are prohibited and restricted development areas respectively. This article analyses ecological space, vegetation ecology and water conservation services in different kinds of nature reserves, then evaluates and examines different management effects of these regions resulting from management gradient. According to protection effect of important ecological space, the highest area proportion of important ecological space in Jilin province was observed in nature reserves, and the lowest human disturbance index was found in the study area, which is positively correlated with the strict degree of management and control of ecological protection. However, the proportion of important ecological space area decreased from 1980 to 2015, and the extent of reduction was not positively correlated with strictness of management and control. Secondly, according to protection effect of vegetation ecology, the vegetation coverage gradually decreased from the east to the west, which is consistent with the spatial characteristics that the key ecological function areas and most of forest nature reserves are in the east, and the wetlands are in the west. However, due to the high area proportion of wetlands and water type nature reserves, and most of them are located at grassland and plain in the west, the annual variation of vegetation coverage in nature reserves is larger than that of the key ecological function areas, while the multi-year stability of vegetation coverage is lower than that of the key ecological function areas. Thirdly, in terms of protection effect of water conservation services, the water conservation services capacity in the east and west is higher than that in the middle of Jilin province. This is closely related to the fact that most of forests, grasslands and wetlands of Jilin are located in the east and west, and that the key ecological function zone and most of forest nature reserves are also in these areas. The water conservation capacity and its stability in nature reserves is better than those outside the reserves.