居民用水阶梯式水价及其节水效果测算模型研究

居民用水阶梯式水价是近年来水价改革和研究的热点,现有文献主要集中在对阶梯式水价的优缺点、可行性和对策建议进行探讨,而对阶梯式水价模型参数估计方法和模拟测算阶梯式水价节水效果的研究不多。结合居民用水阶梯式水价的定价原则和目标要求,研究了居民用水三阶式阶梯水价模型及其参数估计方法,基于扩展线性支出系统理论建立了模拟测算阶梯式水价节水效果的模型;以广州市番禺区为例,假设该区2009 年实施居民用水三阶式阶梯水价,利用建立的模型模拟测算了该区实施三阶式阶梯水价所能产生的节水效果。研究结果表明:三阶式阶梯水价模式下,2009 年番禺区居民年人均可节约用水15.46 m³,年人均用水量理论上可下降16.87%。

Staged Water Price and the Water-saving Effect Calculation Mode for Domestic Water

Staged water price for domestic water is the hot spot in the water price revolution and study. The most attention has focused on the advantages and disadvantages, feasibility and advices on the staged water price decision-making, but less on the parameters estimation of the staged water price model and the water saving effect calculation. The present work studied the third-order staged water price mode and its methods for the parameters estimation. In this study, the water saving effect calculation model (WSECM) based on extended linear expenditure system (ELES) theory was established to simulate the relationship between staged water price and water usage. Taking Panyu district of Guangzhou as an example, the third-order staged water price for domestic water is supposed to implement in 2009. This WSECM was used to simulate the effect by the mode of the third-order staged water price in this case. It is showed that under the third-order staged water price mode, the magnitude of the domestic water usage of annual per capita would reduce 15.86 m³, falling 16.87% in theory.