危险废物浸出毒性的理论基础研究

浸出毒性是危险废物毒性特性鉴别的重要指标.美国危险废物毒性特性鉴别标准是针对工业固体废物与生活垃圾共处置产生的污染特性而制定的,其主要保护目标是地下水;日本针对产业废物投海和进入管理型填埋场处置,分别制定了危险废物浸出毒性鉴别标准,其保护目标分别是海洋和普通填埋场地下水.目前中国的浸出毒性标准缺乏完整的理论基础,没有明确阐明固体废物鉴别目的,浸出项目不全.针对美国和日本等的废物浸出毒性鉴别理论基础和方法进行了比较研究,分析了中国危险废物污染特性、污染途径和环境效应,通过模拟工业废物进行不规范处置且受酸雨影响条件下毒性物质浸出向地下水渗滤迁移的过程,以此作为模型确定浸出毒性的浸取方法.

Study on Theoretical Basis of Hazardous Waste Extraction Toxicity

Extraction toxicity is an important identification indicator of hazardous waste toxicity characteristics.In U.S.A,the solid waste Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure aimed at the pollution characteristic of industrial solid waste and MSW general disposal,and the main protected object was general landfill groundwater;In Japan,the solid waste extraction identification standard was established according to waste sent into the sea and entry into the managed landfill,and the main protected object was sea and general landfill groundwater in each.At present,extraction toxicity lacked of integrated theoretical basis in China;there were no definite solid waste identification objectives;and extraction items were not full.The authors compared identification theory foundations and methods on waste extraction toxicity of U.S.A and Japan,analyzed the hazardous waste pollution characteristics,pollution approach and environment effect.The extraction method to determine extraction toxicity was suggested to simulate the toxic substances leaching to groundwater under the process of solid waste landfill managed with impropriety and affected by acid rain.