流域水质目标管理技术研究(Ⅱ)——水环境基准、标准与总量控制

水环境质量基准与标准是有效实施环境水质目标的主要基础和管理依据. 明确了水环境质量基准与标准的基本概念，系统地介绍了国外水环境质量基准与标准的研究、使用现状以及我国流域水环境污染和环境标准建立的特征，阐述了水环境质量基准与标准在环境毒理学评估、污染物风险识别、水生态污染效应、沉积物质量控制研究等方面的应用与发展趋势. 结合我国水环境质量基准与标准研究的实际，提出了建立我国在新型污染物和复合污染水质基准两方面的研究内容，并对我国水质基准支持条件下的水生态安全以及污染物总量控制研究做进一步探讨.  

The Study on Technique of Basin Water Quality Target Management Ⅱ: Water Environmental Criteria,Standard and Total Amount Control

The water quality criteria (WQC) and water quality standard (WQS) are the managed basis for the environmental water quality control aim. The concept between WQC and WQS was clarified, the recent status of WQC and WQS in some developed countries and China systematically introduced, and the pollution characteristics of drainage basin water environment in China discussed. The trend of WQC and WQS research was induced from such aspects as environmental toxicity assessment, pollutant risk recognition, ecological effects of water pollution and sediment quality control, etc. Starting from present research on WQC and WQS in China, two research tasks, respectively on the new pollutants and combined pollution, for the WQC of drainage basin management in China were proposed, and the research on water ecological safety and pollutant total amount control of drainage basin with the support of water quality criteria further discussed. 