湖泊生态安全及其评估方法框架

针对目前我国湖泊存在的主要生态安全问题，同时考虑流域人类活动对湖泊的影响，阐述了对湖泊生态系统及湖泊生态安全的深层认识和理解，并在此基础上建立了“4+1”湖泊生态安全评估方法框架. 该方法框架包括湖泊水生态系统健康评估、流域社会经济活动对湖泊生态影响评估、湖泊生态服务功能评估和湖泊生态灾变评估，以及在这4项评估的基础上建立的湖泊生态安全综合评估. “4+1”湖泊生态安全评估方法框架既可作为对湖泊生态安全进行整体综合评估的方法，又反映了湖泊水生态健康、流域人类活动对湖泊的影响、湖泊生态服务功能以及湖泊生态灾变4个过程对湖泊生态安全的影响关系，识别影响湖泊生态安全的限制性因子. 湖泊生态安全评估启示我国湖泊管理应由水质管理向流域生态系统管理转变，其实质是解决好“人湖”关系，实现“人湖”和谐发展. 

Lake Ecological Security and Assessment Methodology Framework

Lake ecosystems and lake ecosystem security are thoroughly described,and a "4+1" assessment methodology framework for lake ecosystem security is developed.The assessment methodology framework addresses the main ecological security problems currently existing in China’s lakes,and the impacts of human activities on lake ecosystems.The framework includes assessments of lake ecosystem health,impacts of social and economic activities in the watershed on the lake ecosystem,lake ecosystem service functions,ecosystem disasters,as well as an integrated assessment based on all four aspects.The assessment framework not only acts as a method for integrated assessment of lake ecosystem security,but also reflects the relationship between lake ecosystem security and the four noted aspects of lake water ecosystems.Therefore,this framework can be used to identify the limiting factors impacting overall lake ecosystem security.Assessment of lake ecological security suggests that lake management in China should be shifted from water quality management to comprehensive management of ecosystems of the whole valley.The essence of the management should be to resolve the relationship between people and lakes,and to realize harmonious development.