接种丛枝菌根真菌对诸葛菜生理指标和氮磷钙吸收的影响

为了探究AM（Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi，丛枝菌根）真菌对于喀斯特地区石漠化治理的应用，以石灰土为培养基质模拟喀斯特高钙环境，选用4种球囊霉属的AM真菌（BEG-141、BEG-167、BEG-168、BEG-193）作为供试菌种接种喀斯特适生植物——诸葛菜（Orychophragmus violaceus）进行模拟研究.选取诸葛菜的全株生物量、净光合速率值、水分利用率为生理指标同时以氮磷钙为代表元素，通过对比接种和非接种试验，研究AM真菌对宿主植物生理状态的影响.结果表明:接种AM真菌对喀斯特适生植物诸葛菜的生长有显著的促进作用，对全株生物量的促进效应达到了3~5倍；对净光合速率值比较分析，接种组显著高于对照组，与对照组相比接种组净光合速率提高了2~3倍，其中BEG-167接种组的净光合速率〔33.14 μmol/（m2·s）〕最大；从水分利用率来看，只有BEG-168和BEG-141的水分利用率显著高于对照组，分别为对照组的1.8和1.4倍；所有接种组地下部的TP含量都显著高于对照组，提高了9.71%~34.39%，只有BEG-193接种组的地上部分TP含量显著高于对照组，整体而言，接种促进了诸葛菜地下部分对TP的吸收；接种组地上部TN含量均显著低于对照组，而地下部的TN吸收提高了38.07%~138.04%，均显著高于对照组；此外，接种后诸葛菜地上部TCa（总钙）含量降低了7.61%~55.58%，接种减少了TCa向其地上部的运输，从而减少TCa过量对植物体的伤害.研究显示，AM真菌对诸葛菜的促进效应很可能是通过提高植株净光合速率、水分利用率、TP和TN的吸收，抑制钙向植物体地上部转移等途径实现的. 

Effects of Inoculation with Arbuscular mycorrhiza on Physiological Indicators, Absorption of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Calcium of Orychophragmus violaceus

In order to investigate the application of Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi, a fungi species in karst rocky desertification regions, four kinds of A. mycorrhiza strains (BEG-141, BEG-167, BEG-168, BEG-193) were used to investigate the effects on Orychophragmus violaceus, which is adaptable in karst high calcium soil based on lime soil under laboratory conditions. The whole plant biomass, net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency were chosen as physiological indicators. The effects of AM fungi on the physiological indicators, absorption total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total calcium of host plants were studied through comparing the inoculation and control groups, that the results were as follows:A. mycorrhiza could obviously promote the growth of O. violaceus, and the whole plant biomass increased by 3-5 times. The net photosynthetic rate was significantly higher than that of the control group. Compared with the control group, the net photosynthetic rate increased by 2-3 times. The BEG-167 had the highest net photosynthetic rate (33.14 μmol/(m2·s)). Water use efficiency of BEG-168 and BEG-141 was significantly higher than the control groups, which were 1.8 times and 1.4 times higher than the control groups respectively. The contents of total phosphorus in the underground part of all inoculated groups were significantly higher than those in the control group, which increased by 9.71%-34.39%. Only the total phosphorus content of the aboveground part of BEG-193 was significantly higher than that of the control group. In general, inoculation promoted the absorption of total phosphorus in the underground part of O. violaceus. The total nitrogen content in the aboveground part of the inoculated group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while the promotion of nitrogen absorption of underground increased 38.07%-138.04%, which was significantly higher than the control group. In addition, the inoculation reduced the transport of calcium to the shoots of the plants, which decreased by 7.61%-55.58%. Inoculation reduced the damage to plants by excessive calcium through inhibiting the transport of calcium to the aboveground part of the plant. The results indicated that AM fungi promoted O. violaceus growth through the enhancement of plant net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, phosphorus and nitrogen uptake, and inhibition of calcium transfer to the aboveground part of the plant.