昆明松华坝水库沉积物中PAHs垂直分布特征及其来源

为揭示昆明松华坝水库人类活动对PAHs（多环芳烃）的影响程度及其污染历史，研究了松华坝水库2根沉积柱（包括集水区人口较密集的1号柱和以山地为主的2号柱）中16种PAHs的垂直分布特征及其来源.结果表明:1号、2号柱中∑₁₆PAHs（16种PAHs总量）分布范围分别为155.9~471.3和100.7~316.3 ng/g，但1号柱污染程度高于2号柱，可能与其集水区较高的人为排放有关.1号柱中∑₁₆PAHs整体随采样深度的下降而降低，2号柱则随采样深度的下降而增长；这2根柱子PAHs的组成相似，沉积物中PAHs均以2环的Nap（萘）和3环的Phe（菲）为主（二者占比高于50%），高致癌性的4~6环PAHs也有较大占比.分子比值法和正定矩阵因子分解法结果显示，1号柱中PAHs主要来源顺序为生物质燃烧源（38.8%）>石油源（34.7%）>煤炭燃烧源（13.4%）>石化燃料燃烧源（13.1%），2号柱主要来源为石油源（44.4%）>生物质燃烧源（26.2%）>煤炭燃烧源（15.3%）>石化燃料燃烧源（14.1%），反映了集水区人类活动方式与强度对沉积物中PAHs的控制作用. 

Vertical Distribution and Source Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments from Songhuaba Reservoir in Kunming City

In order to reveal the influence of human activities on the pollution of PAHs in the Songhuaba Reservoir in Kunming City, Yunnan Province, the vertical distribution and sources of PAHs in the two sedimentary core samples collected from the reservoir were studied. Core 1 was collected from the densely populated catchment area, while the catchment of Core 2 was collected from mountain watershed. The results show that the contents of ∑₁₆PAHs in Cores 1 and 2 ranged from 155.9 to 471.3 ng/g, and from 100.7 to 316.3 ng/g, respectively. The pollution level of Core 1 was higher than that of Core 2, which might be related to the higher anthropogenic emissions in the former area. The contents of ∑₁₆PAHs increased from the bottom to the top in Core 1 while it exhibited a decreasing trend from bottom up in Core 2. For the composition of PAHs, 2-ring Nap and 3-ring Phe accounted for more than 50% of ∑₁₆PAHs, and 4-6-ring PAHs with high carcinogenicity also had a large proportion. The results of both molecular ratio method and positive definite matrix factorization (positive matrix factorization, PMF) indicated that the main sources of PAHs were biomass fuel combustion (38.8%), petroleum (34.7%), coal burning (13.4%), and fossil fuel combustion (13.1%) for Core 1 and petroleum (44.4%), biomass fuel combustion (26.2%), coal burning (15.3%), and fossil fuel burning (14.1%) for Core 2, reflecting the differential patterns and intensities of human activities in those catchment areas.