澧水流域生态系统服务价值与生态补偿策略

为了协调区域经济发展与生态保护的关系,以澧水流域为研究对象,采用修正的生态系统服务价值系数分析了2001—2013年该区域生态系统服务价值(ESV)的变化情况,并构建灰色模型对2016—2025年生态系统服务价值进行预测,同时综合考虑研究区域经济发展水平,引入生态补偿优先级(ECPS)对不同区域生态补偿的迫切程度进行了量化. 结果表明:①2001—2013年,澧水流域生态系统服务价值从2001年的313.70×108元降至2013年的313.32×108元；GM(1,1)模型预测结果显示,2025年澧水流域生态系统服务价值将降至311.22×108元. ②澧水流域8个县(市/区)的生态系统服务价值和生态补偿优先级存在较大差异,澧水上游(桑植县)和中游(永定区、武陵源区、慈利县、石门县)为整个澧水流域提供了良好的生态服务,属于“生态输出”地区,应该优先得到生态补偿；而下游(澧县、临澧县、津市市)的生态优先级较小,属于“生态消费”地区,应当率先进行生态支付. 研究结果有利于制订合理的生态补偿价格,调节生态保护利益相关者之间的利益关系,有助于当地政府研究制订比较完整的生态补偿政策决策. 

Studies on Ecosystem Service Value and Ecological Compensation Strategy in Lishui River Basin

Abstract: To coordinate the relationship between the development of the regional economy and ecological protection, the changes of values of ecosystem services in the Lishui River Basin from 2001 to 2013 were analyzed by the modified coefficients of the ecosystem services value. Likewise, a grey model was fabricated to predict the ecosystem services value from 2016 to 2025. At the same time, considering the inequality of economic development in the study area, the ecological compensation priority sequence (ECPS) was introduced to quantify the requirement of the ecological compensation in different regions. The results showed:1) in the study area, the total value of ecosystem services decreased from 313.70×10⁸ RMB in 2001 to 313.32×10⁸ RMB in 2013, while the value of ecosystem services predicted by the GM(1,1) model was reduced to 311.22×10⁸ RMB until 2025. 2) Large differences among the eight counties of the Lishui River Basin were observed in both the values of ecosystem function and ecological compensation priority. The upstream (Sangzhi County) and midstream (Yongding District, Wulingyuan District, Cili County, Shimen County) of the Lishui River provided good ecological services for the whole Lishui River Basin. The upstream and midstream belonged to the area of the ecological output and should be the priority to receive compensation. The downstream (Lixian, Linli, Jingshi) had less ecological priority, belonging to the area of the ecological consumption along with the payment of ecology. These results are helpful to make reasonable pricing of ecological compensation, to regulate the relation among the corresponding ecological protections, as well as provide scientific basis and decision support for local governments to formulate a complete ecological compensation policy.