白洋淀流域水资源管理中的公众参与分析及评价

有效的公众参与是提高流域水资源管理效率和流域综合管理成功的关键因素. 选取白洋淀流域的典型城市模块(保定市)、乡村模块(涞水县)及水敏感区(安新县)进行研究，综合采用问卷调查、利益群体访谈和专家咨询等方法，对政府管理人员、流域居民的环境意识及水资源管理参与现状进行了分析评价，比较与评估了政府及相关利益群体的环境知识、环境满意度、信息流通渠道、参与意愿、实际参与度、政府行为及其公众认知度和接受度. 结果表明:公众参与水资源管理的现状是水敏感区的参与效果好于城镇模块，且城镇模块好于乡村模块；公众获取环境知识与环境信息的途径主要以亲身感受与媒体宣传的被动接受形式为主；参与途径不畅通，实际参与度低于有参与意愿的比例，参与意愿不确定性高；公众对于政府行为的认知度为41.3%，接受度仅为19%；管理者对于公众参与在水资源管理中作用的认识仍有待提高，参与活动以宣传教育为主，缺乏整体考虑及上下游沟通与设计，缺乏全过程参与，居民尚未形成共同认可的流域价值观. 建议加强全过程参与、环保民间团体的作用以及学校环境教育. 

Analysis and Evaluation of Public Participation in Water Resources Management of Baiyangdian Basin, China

Effective public participation is a key factor in improving the efficiency of river basin water resources management and to promote the success of its comprehensive management. Three representative sites including Baoding, a typical city, Laishui, a rural county, and Anxin, a water-sensitive area, in the Baiyangdian basin were selected in this paper for research. Methods such as questionnaire surveys, interviews with stakeholders and expert consultations were adopted to analyze and evaluate the environmental awareness of government officials and local residents in this basin, and the current participatory situation in the water resource management of the river basin (WRMRB). Comparative evaluations were performed of the officials and local residents in terms of environmental knowledge, environmental satisfaction, information circulation channels, willingness to participate, actual participation, government behavior, public awareness and acceptance. The results show that the sequence of public participation in water resource management (WRM) is water-sensitive area>urban area>rural area. The main channels for the public to obtain environmental knowledge and information are personal experience and passive acceptance through media publicity; the channels of participation are impeded. The actual participation rate is lower than the percentage of the willingness to participate, which means there is a high uncertainty of willingness to participate; the percentage of the public''s awareness of the government''s actions in environment is 41.3%. The public''s acceptance rate is low, only 19%. The officials have a poor understanding of the function of public participation in WRM, and the main participatory activities are publicity and education. The problems are that the management bodies do not consider the river basin as a whole, and are unwilling to communicate smoothly with stakeholders from the upper and lower reaches of the basin and make a coordinated design for water basin management. Meanwhile, there is a lack of decision-making and participation at the scale of whole basin. The residents of this river basin have not formed a set of commonly-accepted attitudes toward the basin management. Suggestions are as follows: develop decision-making and whole-process participation; promote non-governmental environmental protection organizations'' involvement; and improve environmental education in schools.