磁性活性炭强化SBR脱氮除磷及微生物种群分析

为了提高传统活性污泥法脱氮除磷效率，改善污泥易膨胀等问题，在序批式活性污泥反应器（SBR）中，投加140目1.00g/L的磁性活性炭构建磁性炭基活性污泥系统（1^#），同时，以不投加任何材料（单独活性污泥系统）为对照组（0^#），研究磁性活性炭对活性污泥系统除污性能和主要微生物种群结构组成的影响，探讨了磁性活性炭强化活性污泥系统脱氮除磷机理.结果表明：1^#对TN和TP的平均去除率分别为68.59%和78.25%；而0^#对于TN和TP的平均去除率则为53.17%与54.10%，1^#出水NO₃^--N浓度平均降低了7.03mg/L，两系统对NH₄⁺-N和COD的去除效率差别不大，均在95.00%以上.典型周期内1^#中TN、NH₄⁺-N、TP、COD的下降速率快于0^#；0^#同步硝化反硝化效率为60.31%，反硝化速率为4.44mg/（L·h），1^#同步硝化反硝化效率为80.74%，反硝化速率为6.13mg/（L·h），实验组1^#脱氮速率明显快于空白对照组0^#.高通量测序结果表明，1^#内污泥的优势菌门为Saccharibacteria（38.74%）、Proteobacteria（22.52%）、Actinobacteria（18.54%）和Chloroflexi（8.40%）.此外，与0^#相比，1^#引发污泥膨胀密切相关的Actinobacteria菌门的微生物相对丰度显著下降；与脱氮除磷功能相关的Micropruina、Shinella、norank_f_Anaerolineaceae和norank_f_Xanthomonadaceae 4种菌属的相对丰度都明显上升.SBR系统中加载一定量的磁性活性炭既能抑制引起污泥膨胀微生物的生长，又能利于脱氮除磷微生物的富集，整个污泥系统表现出良好的稳定性和脱氮除磷性能.

Analysis of SBR loaded magnetic activated carbon for enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal and its microbial population

A novel magnetic activated carbon-based activated sludge process (named by number 1^#) was constructed by adding 140mesh of 1.00g/L magnetic activated carbon in a sequential batch activated sludge reactor (SBR) in order to improve nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance in the traditional activated sludge process. At the same time, the traditional activated sludge system without any magnetic material was taken as the control group (named by number 0^#). The effects of magnetic activated carbon on the decontamination performance and the microbial structural composition were studied. Meanwhile, the mechanisms of magnetic activated carbon to enhance nitrogen and phosphorus removal were also discussed. The results showed that the average removal efficiency of TN and TP in the 1^# was 68.59% and 78.25% respectively. While the average removal efficiency of control group (0^#) for TN and TP was 53.17% and 54.10%. The concentration of NO₃^--N from the 1^# decreased by 7.03mg/L on average. However, the removal efficiency of NH₄⁺-N and COD in the 0^# and 1^# were both above 95.00%. The declining rate of TN, NH₄⁺-N, TP and COD in the 1^# was faster than the control group 0^#. The efficiency of synchronous nitrification and denitrification in the reactor 0^# was 60.31%. The rate of denitrification was 4.44mg/(L·h), and the efficiency of synchronous nitrification and denitrification was 80.74%. The rate of denitrification in the reactor 1^# 6.13mg/(L·h). The denitrification efficiency in the reactor 1^# was significantly faster than that in the reactor 0^#. High-throughput sequencing results indicated that the dominant phylum in the reactor 1^# were Saccharibacteria (38.74%), Proteobacteria (22.52%), Actinobacteria (18.54%) and Chloroflexi (8.40%). In addition, compared with the reactor 0^#, the relative abundance of microorganisms in Actinobacteria, which is closely related to sludge swelling decreased significantly in the 1^#. The relative abundances of micropruina, shinella, norank_f_Anaerolineaceae and norank_f_Xanthomonadaceae, which are related to nitrogen and phosphorus removal bacteria population, were significantly higher than the control group. Adding a certain amount of magnetic activated carbon in the SBR system could not only inhibit the growth of microorganisms that caused sludge expansion, but also facilitate the enrichment of microorganisms for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The 1^# showed the good stability and nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance.