柴油机增压系统变海拔自适应技术研究现状与发展趋势

分析了高原环境条件下柴油机功率下降、油耗增加、增压器效率下降、涡轮超温超速等问题,考虑采用自适应增压系统改进柴油机和增压器高原运行存在的问题。介绍了可变截面涡轮增压系统(VGT)、普通二级可调增压系统(TST)、复合增压系统(C2T)、基于VGT二级可调增压系统(R~2T)几种典型的可调增压系统的结构原理和高原应用现状。最后,结合柴油机变海拔和变工况的运行特点,从增压系统结构布置、智能优化算法、控制理论、多系统协同控制和增压器内部流场优化控制五个方面提出了增压系统高海拔自适应技术的发展趋势。

Research Status and Development of Self-adaptive Technology for Diesel Engine with Turbocharging System at Varying Altitudes

Problems of power declining, fuel consumption increasing, and efficiency of turbocharger dropping, over temperature and over-speed of turbine of diesel engine were analyzed. Various regulated turbocharging systems were taken into consideration to improve the diesel engine and turbocharger running at high altitude. Variable geometry turbocharging (VGT), classical two-stage regulated turbocharging (TST), compound turbocharging (C2T) and two-stage regulated turbocharging based on VGT (R2T) were introduced, including structure principle and application of the systems at plateau. At last, the development trend of self-adaptive turbocharging technologies were put forward from five aspects: structural arrangement of turbocharging system, intelligent optimization algorithms, control theories, multi-system cooperative control, optimizing inner flow field of turbocharger, and combined with the characteristics of diesel engine working at varying operations and altitudes..