我国日化用品使用挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放及臭氧生成潜势研究

溶剂使用源是挥发性有机物（VOCs）的重要排放源之一.近年来，VOCs排放清单中对工业生产类溶剂的VOCs排放估算较多，但对于生活类溶剂使用的研究有所欠缺.本研究以日化用品为研究对象，基于产品消费量、产品中的溶剂含量及其挥发特性，建立了我国2000—2017年日化用品使用的VOCs排放清单，并基于最大增量反应活性值（MIR）评估了日化用品对臭氧生成的潜在贡献.结果表明，2000年我国日化用品VOCs排放量为36.1×10⁴ t，到2017年排放量达218.5×10⁴ t，年平均增长率为11%.护肤品、香水和洗护用品是日化用品中VOCs的主要排放类别，2017年这3类的VOCs排放量分别占总量的40%、30%和21%.上海（8.0×10⁴ t）、北京（7.0×10⁴ t）、广州（4.5×10⁴ t）、重庆（4.5×10⁴ t）、深圳（3.7×10⁴ t）是日化用品VOCs排放量前5的城市.含氧VOCs是日化用品排放的主要VOCs组分，其排放量贡献达到64%.2017年日化用品VOCs产生的臭氧生成潜势（OFP）为306.4×10⁴ t，含氧VOCs、烯烃和烷烃分别占OFP总量的67%、18%和14%.对OFP贡献最大的前8个物种是乙醇、柠檬烯、异丁烷、丙二醇、二丙二醇、异戊烷、二甲醚和异丙醇，其排放量占VOCs总量的77%，但贡献了OFP总量的93%.针对日化用品的VOCs排放及其引起的臭氧污染防控应重点关注护肤品、香水和洗护用品3类产品.

Emissions and ozone formation potential of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) from daily chemical products in China

Solvent use is an important emission source of volatile organic compounds(VOCs). Recent studies focus on estimating VOCs emissions from industrial solvent use, but there is a lack of research on solvent use by consumers. Based on consumption of products, solvent content and volatilization characteristics, this study compile an emission inventory of VOCs for daily chemical products in China from 2000 to 2017. Ozone formation potential(OFP) is evaluated by maximum incremental reactivity(MIR) method. The results show that VOCs emissions from daily chemical products were 36.1×10⁴ t in 2000, increasing to 218.5×10⁴ t in 2017 with an average annual growth rate of 11%. Skin care products, perfumes, and hair and body care products were the major VOCs emission categories in daily chemicals, accounting for 40%, 30% and 21% of the total emissions in 2017, respectively. Shanghai(8.0×10⁴ t), Beijing(7.0×10⁴ t), Guangzhou(4.5×10⁴ t), Chongqing(4.5×10⁴ t) and Shenzhen(3.7×10⁴ t) were the top five cities of VOC emissions. Oxygenated VOCs were the main VOCs component, contributing 64% to the total emissions. The OFPs from daily chemical products were 306.4×10⁴ t in 2017, with oxygenated VOCs, alkenes and alkanes accounting for 67%, 18% and 14% of the total OFPs, respectively. The top 8 species with OFP contribution were ethanol, limonene, isobutane, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, isopentane, dimethyl ether and isopropyl alcohol, accounting for 77% of total VOCs emissions while contributing 93% to total OFPs. In terms of ozone pollution control, emission abatement of VOCs should be prioritized on skin care products, perfumes, and hair and body care products.