海州湾海洋牧场浮游植物群落结构特征及其与水质参数的关系

为了解海州湾海洋牧场海域浮游植物群落特征,于2013年进行了春(5月)、夏(8月)、秋(10月)3个航次的调查,共鉴定出浮游植物115种,其中,硅藻门种类最多,共97种,占总种数的84.3%,甲藻门次之,共16种,占总种数的13.9%,蓝藻门1种,绿藻门1种.人工鱼礁区各个季节的浮游植物丰度都显著大于对照区(p0.05),而种类数无显著差异(p0.05).人工鱼礁区和对照区的辛普森多样性指数D和香农-威纳指数均在秋季最大,夏季最小,而均匀度J为春季最大,夏季最小.海州湾海洋牧场浮游植物种类数秋季达到36种,丰度在秋季也达到最高为19.68×104cells·m-3,方差分析和聚类分析结果表明,浮游植物群落组成存在显著季节差异(p0.05).应用Canoco5.0软件对获得的浮游植物数据和环境因子数据进行典范对应分析,结果表明,TN、Si O2-3-Si和TP是影响浮游植物群落分布的重要环境因子,其次BOD5和NH+4-N也对浮游植物分布有较大影响.

Community structure of phytoplankton in the sea farming of Haizhou Bay and its relationships with environmental factors

With the aim of understanding the community structure of phytoplankton of Haizhou Bay, three surveys were conducted in spring, summer and autumn of 2013. A total of 115 taxa were identified, among which Bacillariophyta was the most abundant species, accounting for 84.3% of total taxa, followed by Pyrrophyta, which included 16 species, accounting for 13.9%, and both Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta had only 1 species. The abundance of phytoplankton in the artificial reef area was significantly higher than that in the control area (p<0.05), but no significant differences were observed in species composition between areas (p>0.05). Simpson''s diversity index and Shannon-wiener index were the highest in autumn and lowest in summer, and the evenness index had the highest value in spring and the lowest one in summer. There were 36 taxa of phytoplankton in autumn with the abundance reaching 19.68×10⁴ cells·m^-3. Based on the analysis of variance and cluster analysis, the community structure of phytoplankton differed significantly throughout the year (p<0.05). The result of Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) shows that total nitrogen (TN), silicate and total phosphate (TP) were the most important factors influencing the distribution of phytoplankton species. biochemical oxygen demand and ammonium would also affect the distribution of phytoplankton.