高压储氢系统泄漏爆炸事故的动力学演化*

为研究燃料氢气泄漏、爆炸的特性和规律，预防高压储氢系统中氢气泄漏爆炸事故发生，以加氢站为背景，数值仿真45 MPa高压储罐氢气泄漏并引发爆炸事故，分析泄漏爆炸动力学性质以及爆炸波在非均匀氢气浓度中的传播机制。同时，基于泄漏爆炸事故演化的力学机理，开展氢气泄漏爆炸动态风险分析，针对氢气不同泄漏量，建立泄漏扩散形成的气云体积、气云爆炸产生的冲击波与空间x，z方向上危害距离之间关系。研究结果表明:氢气泄漏过程中，气云氢气浓度变化与流场雷诺数具有较好一致性；氢气扩散受到高压储氢罐周围装置影响，流场中氢气浓度分布不均匀；当发生燃烧爆炸事故时，冲击波参数和湍动能变化梯度大；得到复杂布局区域冲击波超压峰值与比例距离之间关系式，其相比于理论方法更精细、计算结果更准确。研究结果可为降低高压储氢系统泄漏爆炸事故后果、采取有效防护措施提供一定依据。

Dynamic evolution of leakage and explosion accident in high pressure hydrogen storage system

In order to study the characteristics and laws of leakage and explosion of fuel hydrogen,and prevent the occurrence of hydrogen leakage and explosion accident in the high pressure hydrogen storage system,taking the hydrogen fueling station as the background,the hydrogen leakage and explosion accident of 45 MPa high pressure storage tank was numerically simulated,and the dynamic properties of leakage and explosion and the propagation mechanism of explosion wave in non-uniform hydrogen concentration was analyzed.Meanwhile,based on the mechanical mechanism of the evolution of leakage and explosion accident,the dynamic risk analysis of hydrogen leakage and explosion was carried out.For different leakage amounts of hydrogen,the relationship between the volume of gas cloud formed by leakage diffusion,the shock wave generated by gas cloud explosion and the hazardous distance in the x and z directions was established.The results showed that the change of hydrogen concentration in gas cloud was in good agreement with the Reynolds number of flow field during the leakage.The hydrogen diffusion was affected by the devices around the high pressure hydrogen storage tank,and the distribution of hydrogen concentration in the flow field was uneven.When the combustion explosion accident occurred,the gradient of shock wave parameters and turbulent kinetic energy was large.The obtained relation expression between the peak value of shock wave overpressure and the proportional distance in the complex layout area was more accurate and accurate than the theoretical method.The results can provide important scientific basis for reducing the consequence of leakage and explosion accidents in the high pressure hydrogen storage systems and taking effective protective measures.