浅析固体废物污染环境防治原则之变化

2020年4月29日,第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议表决通过了新修订的《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》（以下简称《固废法》）。此次修订,进一步巩固并完善了固体废物污染环境防治的基本原则。笔者从法律原则自身的变化和指导法律制度设计2个层面,对几项原则进行深入分析：在减量化、资源化和无害化原则方面,强化固体废物污染防治减量化和资源化的约束性规定同时,突出无害化底线要求;在污染担责原则方面,进一步明确"污染者"内涵和其应承担的责任;在生产者责任延伸原则方面,明确了电器电子、铅蓄电池、车用动力电池等产品实施生产者责任延伸制度的法律地位;在全过程管理原则方面,强化了对工业固废、建筑垃圾等固体废物的全过程监管及信息化监控的要求。还介绍了固体废物污染环境防治原则在发达国家和地区的立法情况,以及在中国的实践情况。

Analysis on the Change of the Principle of Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control

On April 29,2020,the 17th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People''s Congress voted to pass the Law of the People''s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes.This revision further consolidates and improves the basic principles of solid waste pollution prevention and control.This article makes an in-depth analysis of several principles in terms of changes in legal principles and the design of guiding legal systems:In terms of the principles of reduction,recycling and safe disposal,while strengthening the restrictive provisions on reduction and recycling of solid waste pollution prevention and control,highlight the baseline requirements of safe disposal.In terms of the principles of responsibility for pollution,the connotation of polluter and its responsibilities are further clarified.In terms of the principles of extended producer responsibility,the legal status of implementing extended producer responsibility system for electrical and electronic products,lead-acid batteries and automotive power batteries is clarified.In terms of the principles of overall process management,it mainly reflects the requirements of industrial solid waste and construction waste process supervision and information monitoring.The article also introduces the legislation of solid waste pollution prevention principles in developed countries and the practice in China.