辽宁省规模猪场生物安全状况调查

2018年8月,我国首例非洲猪瘟病例在辽宁省被发现。随后,全国各地区相继发生非洲猪瘟疫情。如何控制、净化非洲猪瘟,已成为国内整个产业亟需解决的问题。为掌握辽宁省规模猪场生物安全状况,分析生物安全在非洲猪瘟防控中的作用,开展了相关流行病学调查工作。对辽宁省部分发生过非洲猪瘟疫情的规模猪场进行流行病学调查发现,没有出猪台、饲料进场不消毒、人员与车辆进出管理不严、防疫管理混乱等,是疫情发生的主要风险因素。对辽宁省56个未发生过非洲猪瘟疫情的规模猪场进行流行病学调查发现,这些猪场的生物安全水平普遍低下,主要表现为:缺乏最基本有效的防护隔离硬件设施,以及相关的规章制度和操作规程;缺少验证消毒灭源等生物安全手段实施效果的经验和方法,没有专业技术人员对饲养场风险点进行评估和分析;饲养场从业人员的"知信行"水平普遍较低。综合分析认为,辽宁省生猪养殖业的生物安全水平与疫病防控需要有很大差距,而规模场生物安全水平低下、从业人员缺乏生物安全意识和知识,是当前疫病防控效果不理想的主要原因。今后需要通过政府扶持、业务部门指导和培训,对饲养场进行科学分析和评估,通过改进硬件、完善制度、加强宣传培训等措施,全面提高养猪场的生物安全水平。

Investigation on the Bio-safety Status of Large-scale Swine Farms in Liaoning Province

In August 2018,China’s first case of African swine fever(ASF)took place in Liaoning Province,and subsequently the epidemic spread throughout the whole country. How to control and eliminate ASF has become an emergency problem to be addressed in the whole industry. In order to identify the bio-safety status of farms in Liaoning Province,and to analyze its role in prevention and control of ASF,an epidemiological investigation was carried out. For some infected farms,it was investigated that the outbreaks were caused by major risk factors including lack of loading platform of pigs,no disinfection against incoming feed,poor movement control of persons and vehicles,disordered management of disease prevention and so on;for 56 uninfected farms,it was found that the bio-safety levels of these uninfected farms were generally low,such as the lack of basic isolation facilities as well as relevant regulations and operation procedures,short of methods and experience to verify the efficiency of disinfection measures and professional technicians to evaluate the risk point of the farms,low level of"knowledge,attitude and practice("KAP)of practitioners in farms,etc. In short,the bio-safety level of pig industry in Liaoning Province was far away from the needs of disease prevention and control,and the main causes for failed or poor prevention and control of diseases in large-scale farms were the low bio-safety level and lack of related awareness and knowledge by the farms. Therefore,a series of measures should be adopted to comprehensively improve the bio-safety level,including conducting scientific analysis and assessment for the farms through supporting by government as well as guidance and training by official technical departments,upgrading hardware,improving systems and strengthening publicity and training,etc.