福建海区网箱养殖刺参“腐皮综合症”病原分析与鉴定

2011年冬季,福建省宁德市霞浦县海区网箱养殖刺参发生"腐皮综合症",并伴有死亡现象出现。刺参的发病症状表现为:厌食、排脏、身体萎缩、体表局部溃烂乃至大面积溃烂。从患病刺参病灶处分离得到两种优势细菌CS1和CS2。经人工回接感染实验证明两种菌对健康刺参都具有较强的感染性,且感染病参的症状与自然发病刺参的症状相同。通过生理生化试验、16S rDNA序列分析及系统进化树分析,结果表明两株菌分别与灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)和假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas sp.)相似。菌株CS1与灿烂弧菌的亲缘关系最近,相似率达到99%,菌株CS2与假交替单胞菌的亲缘关系最近,相似率达到95%。菌株CS1可鉴定为灿烂弧菌,菌株CS2可鉴定为假交替单胞菌。另外,在患病刺参呼吸树膜和腔体内发现大量后口虫(Boveria sp.)。所以导致本次刺参"腐皮综合症"的原因可能是致病性细菌和寄生虫共同作用的结果。本文首次揭示了该地区"腐皮综合症"导致养成刺参大规模死亡的致病原因,对刺参病害防治和健康养殖具有重要的指导意义。

Analysis and identification of causative pathogen for skin ulcerative syndrome in Fujian sea cage cultured Apostichopus japonicus

In the winter of 2011,the sea cage cultured sea cucumber suffered from serious disease in many sea areas of Ningde in Fujian Province,accompanied by the phenomenon of death.The symptom displayed as anorexia,viscera ejection,general atrophy,and skin ulceration,the disease was tentatively termed as ＂skin ulcerative syndrome＂.The bacterium CS1 and CS2 were isolated from the focal area of the infected sea cucumber,and they were dominant amongst the isolates.Artificial infection test proved that they were the causative pathogen associated with the disease.In addition,a lot of Boveria sp.was found from the respiratory tree of sick sea cucumber.The bacterium CS1 and CS2 were identified as Vibrio splendidus and Pseudoalteromonas,respectively,by the means of morphological,biochemical tests,and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.This paper revealed for the first time that the causative pathogens leading to the ＂skin ulcerative syndrome＂ of the sea cucumber in the area,which will be helpful in the disease control and health management during sea cucumber cultivation.