基于鱼类食性的白洋淀食物网研究

2009年6月至2010年5月,对白洋淀8个典型采样点进行了调查,分析了白洋淀鱼类的食性、营养级和食物网特征,绘制了鱼类食物网及能量流动途径。结果显示,白洋淀现有鱼类25种,其食性类型分为草食性、浮游生物食性、底栖生物食性、游泳动物食性、浮游生物+底栖生物、底栖生物和游泳动物食性共6种;白洋淀的鱼类营养级可分为草食性、杂食性、低级肉食性、中级肉食性和高级肉食性共5种。与历史资料相比,白洋淀鱼类食物网趋于简单,中级肉食性鱼类匮乏,能量流动出现越级现象,食物网结构不完整,说明其渔业资源遭受严重破坏。

Study on the Food Web of Fish in Baiyangdian Lake Based Diet Analysis

Based on the survey of 8 typical sampling sites in Baiyangdian lake from June, 2009 to April, 2010, the paper described the feeding habit, the trophic level, and the food web characteristics of 25 kinds of fish in Baiyangdian lake, and analyzed the energy flow path of the fish food web, the current status and the trend of historical changes. The results showed that the feeding habits of fishes living in Baiyangdian lake included herbivore,planktonivore,benthoivore,swimming animal feeder, plankton and benth feeder, benth and swimming animal feeder. The trophic level comprised herbivore fish, omnivore fish, primary predatory fish, medium predatory fish, and senior predatory fish. It was concluded that the fish resources in Baiyandian lake was destroyed seriously, the medium predatory fish species became few, skipping trophic level occured, and the structure of food web was becoming simple and incomplete.