基于PSR模型的黄河陕西段鱼类增殖放流生态安全评价

基于压力、状态、响应模型(PSR)和层次分析法(AHP),确定17项指标通过数据的标准化处理,指标权重赋值、权重一致性检验、评价等级确定以及评价模型的构建,用生态安全评价黄河陕西段鱼类增殖放流效果,分析生态安全所面临的主要问题。结果表明:黄河陕西段2013年增殖放流生态安全度(ESI)评价等级为Ⅱ级,为良好状态;2014年评价等级为Ⅲ级,处于一般状态;2015年评价等级为Ⅳ级,处于较差状态,属于临界不安全状态以下水平。生态安全形势呈现出逐年下降局势。不安全状态受到影响较大的前3个指标是:黄河径流量变化影响、重要生境保持率和公众资源环境保护意识的影响,3个指标下降值占到下降ESI值的64.93%。其次还受到污水排放达标率、鱼类增殖放流量、政策和管理水平、鱼类生物多样性指数、保护区建设、水质综合污染指数、群落结构等诸多因素影响。研究显示,现阶段增殖放流对黄河生态安全有一定影响,还存在一定提升空间。

Ecological safety evaluation of fisheries resource enhancement and releasing in Shaanxi section of the Yellow river with the pressure-state-response model

An ecological safety system including 17 indices for the enhancement and releasing in shaanxi section of the Yellow River was built up following the principles of the pressure-state-response (P-S-R) model and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method.The ecological safety problems were analyzed through standardizing the primary data,estimating values of weight,inspecting weight consistency,determining assessment level and constructing models for ecological safety evaluation.The results showed that the ecological safety index (ESI) evaluation class of enhancement and releasing in shaanxi section of the Yellow River was Ⅱ in 2013,with keeping a very good state;Ⅲ in 2014 with keeping a general state;Ⅳ in 2015 with keeping in a poor state,belong to the critical unsafe leveal.Ecological security situation presented the declining situation year by year.The first 3 indictors affecting significantly the Unsafe state are:the change of the Yellow River runoff,The conservation rate of important habitats and the environmental protection consciousness of public resources.The decreased value of three indicators occupied 64.93％ of the ESI decrease value.In addition,The other influent factors included the control rate of wastewater discharge,the number of fish enhancement and releasing,the policy and management level,the fish biodiversity index,the reserve construction,the water quality comprehensive pollution index,the biological community structure,and so on.The research showed that the current breeding flow had some effect on the ecological safety of the Yellow River,and there was some possibility for improvement.