中国东北粳稻与日本粳稻产量差异及原因分析

【目的】随着籼粳稻杂交理想株型创造与超高产育种理论的应用,我国东北地区培育出大量高产粳稻品种,逐渐取代曾经占据主导地位的日本典型粳稻。本研究旨在通过分析中国东北粳稻与日本粳稻形态、遗传和产量的差异及原因,研究籼粳杂交对东北粳稻改良的影响。【方法】利用InDel和SSILP亚种特异性分子标记、程氏指数、维管束数目比分析比较中国东北与日本粳稻的籼粳成分和属性及与产量结构的关系。【结果】东北粳稻育成品种产量比日本典型粳稻高15.79%,每穗粒数多15.22%,粳型基因频率极显著低于日本粳稻。按程氏指数分类标准,东北粳稻籼粳类型是偏粳型。相关分析结果表明,籼型基因频率与穗数极显著负相关,与每穗粒数极显著正相关,且与一、二次枝梗数及其粒数正相关。【结论】东北粳稻籼型基因频率增加导致穗数减少,每穗粒数增加,同时将结实率和千粒重维持在较稳定水平是东北粳稻品种获得高产的关键。

Dissection of Grain Yield Differences Between japonica Rice in Northeast China and in Japan

【Objective】 Breeding strategy of intersubspecific hybridization combined with utilization of ideal plant type has led to the variety replacement from Chinese high-yielding japonica varieties to the Japanese japonica varieties that ever dominated more than a century in northeast China. Here, we study the effects of hybridization between indica and japonica on japonica breeding in northeast China through feature comparisons of morphology, genetic and yield. 【Method】 The lineage proportion of indica was detected using subspecies-specific InDel and SSILP markers, the Cheng’s index and ratio of vascular bundle numbers, then their relationships with yield components were discussed. 【Result】The yield of japonica cultivars in northeast China increased 15.79% and spikelet number per panicle increased by 15.22% than Japanese japonica cultivars. The japonica-type allele frequency was significantly lower in japonica varieties in northeast China than in Japanese varieties; on the other hand a japonica-linous type was defined by Cheng’s index. A very significant negative correlation was observed between indica-type allele frequency with panicle number, and very significant or significant positive correlation with spikelet number per panicle, number of the primary rachis branches, number of grains on the primary rachis branches, number of secondary rachis branches, number of grains on the secondary rachis branches. 【Conclusion】The key to high yield of japonica cultivars in northeast China were to increase the spikelet number per panicle and reduced the number of panicles with the utilization of indica-type allele frequency, meanwhile, to maintain a high level of seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight.