不同施氮水平对机插和覆膜机插水稻生长和产量的影响

为明确不同施氮水平下生物可降解膜覆盖对机插水稻生长和产量的影响,2019年和2020年在中国水稻研究所富阳试验基地开展大田试验,设置普通机插条件下0及13 kg/667 m²两个氮肥水平,生物可降解膜覆盖机插种植下13 kg/667 m²和 11 kg/667 m² 两个氮肥水平。结果表明,相同施氮量下,与不覆膜相比,覆膜机插水稻产量2019年和2020年分别增加6.1%和2.6%,成熟期干物质积累量分别增加17.4%和5.3%;在覆膜机插条件下,氮肥减施15%,与氮肥不减施处理相比水稻产量及干物质积累量差异不大,但氮肥偏生产力显著提高,说明覆膜机插在保障一定产量的条件下,能够减少氮肥施用,避免过量施肥造成环境污染,为水稻稳产和绿色高效提供一种新的种植方式。

Effects of Different Ntrogen Levels on Growth and Yield of Machine-Transplanted Rice with and without Biodegradable Film Mulching

The effects of biodegradable film mulching on the growth and yield of machine-transplanted rice under different levels of nitrogen application was conducted at China National Rice Research Institute in 2019 and 2020, with different nitrogen levels, namely 0 and 13 kg/667 m² under normal machine-transplanted conditions, and 13 kg/667 m² and 11 kg/667 m² under biodegradable film mulching. The results showed that, under the same N application rate, the rice yield mulched with biodegradable film increased by 6.1% and 2.6% compared without biodegradable film mulching in 2019 and 2020, respectively; the dry matter accumulation at maturity increased by 17.4% and 5.3%, respectively; under the film mulching conditions, there was no difference in rice yield and dry matter accumulation with a 15% reduction in N fertilizer application, but the N partial factor productivity increased significantly, indicating that mulching could reduce the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer while ensuring a certain yield. Reduced application of N fertilizer can avoid environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization. This technology provides a new way for stable rice yield and green efficiency production.