7种黄檀属植物心材挥发油的成分分析及其抗菌活性

为了研究7种黄檀属（Dalbergia L.）植物心材的挥发性成分及其抗菌活性,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取黄檀属植物心材的挥发性成分,气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）对其化学成分进行分析;采用滤纸片琼脂扩散法测定挥发性成分的抗菌活性。结果表明,两粤黄檀检出9种成分,占总含量的98.93%;斜叶黄檀检出6种成分,占总含量的91.80%;交趾黄檀检出13种成分,占总含量的86.23%;海南黄檀检出9种成分,占总含量的94.86%;降香黄檀检出8种成分,占总含量的97.38%;东京黄檀检出8种成分,占总含量的97.72%;白沙黄檀检出23种成分,占总含量的79.45%。两粤黄檀和斜叶黄檀相对百分含量最大的成分为榄香素,分别为83.38%和73.03%;交趾黄檀中相对百分含量最大的成分为美迪紫檀素,为27.72%;海南黄檀中相对百分含量最大的成分为亚油酸,为42.80%;降香黄檀和东京黄檀中相对百分含量最大的成分为(7R,10S)-2,6,10-三甲基-7,10-环氧-2,11-十二碳-6-醇及其同分异构体,二者之和分别为60.37%和53.23%;白沙黄檀中已鉴定出且相对百分含量较大的成分为榄香素,为7.81%。黄檀属植物心材挥发性成分主要有苯丙素类、倍半萜类、黄酮类、脂肪酸类和甾体等,黄檀属植物心材的挥发性成分均对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用,部分挥发油对不同的农业病原菌具有一定的抑制作用。本研究为黄檀属植物的资源保护和开发利用提供了科学依据。

Chemical Constituents Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Volatile Oils from the Heartwood of Seven Species of Dalbergia L. f.

The volatile constituents of the heartwood from seven different Dalbergia plants were extracted by the water distillation method, and further analyzed with GC-MS aiming to investigate the chemical constituents. The antibacterial activities of the volatile oils were assayed by the filter paper agar disc diffusion method. Nine components were detected from D. benthamii, accounting for 98.93% of the total content. Six components were detected from D. pinnata, accounting for 91.80% of the total content. Thirteen components were detected from D. cochinchinensis, accounting for 86.23% of the total content. Nine components were detected from D. hainanensis, accounting for 94.86% of the total content. Eight components were detected from D. odorifera, accounting for 97.38% of the total content. Eight components were detected from D. tonkinensis, accounting for 97.72% of the total content. 23 components were detected from D. peishaensis, accounting for 79.45% of the total content. Elemicin was the highest component with relative percentage content in D. benthamii and D. pinnata, 83.38% and 73.03% respectively. The highest component of D. cochinchinensis was medicarpin with a value of 27.72%. The highest component of D. hainanensis was linoleic acid with a value 42.80%. The highest component of D. odorifera and D. tonkinensis was (7R,10S)-2,6,10-trimethyl-7,10-epoxy-2,11- dodecadien-6-ol and its isomer, with values of 60.37% and 52.23% respectively. The component identified and with relatively high content of D. peishaensis was elemicin with a value of 7.81%. The phenylpropanoid compounds, sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, fatty acids, and steroids etc. were the main components of the volatile constituents from the heartwood of Dalbergia plants. All volatile oils from the heartwood of Dalbergia plants exhibited an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, and some also had certain inhibitory effects on different agricultural pathogens. This research could provide a scientific basis for the resource conservation and exploitation of Dalbergia plants.