吉林省玉米穗期害虫种类及发生情况分析

吉林省是玉米生产大省，为明确吉林省玉米穗期害虫种类、分布及发生情况，2013～2016年对吉林省9个地市，42个县(市/区)，累计409个地点的玉米穗期害虫进行系统调查，为玉米穗期害虫的监测预警和制定合理防治策略提供科学依据。调查发现，吉林省玉米穗期有27种有害生物，隶属于3个纲，7个目，18个科。亚洲玉米螟、双斑长跗萤叶甲、叶螨和蚜虫的有虫田率均在80%以上，百株虫量和危害级别较高，是吉林省玉米的主要害虫。美洲黍潜叶蝇、古毒蛾、大青叶蝉、梨剑纹夜蛾、赤角盲蝽、白星花金龟等有虫田率在20%以下，且百株虫量<1头，尚未玉米生产造成威胁。此外，迁飞性害虫黏虫也是玉米穗期重要害虫，棉铃虫是潜在的玉米穗期重要害虫。

Pest Species and Occurrence of Maize at Kernel Stages in Jilin Province

Jilin is a major maize production province in China. In order to determine the maize kernel stages insect pest species, distribution and occurrence in Jilin province, investigations were conducted systematically in 9 cities, 42 countries(towns or districts), total 409 investigation sites of Jilin province from 2013 to 2016. The result showed that there were more than 27 harmful species belonging to 3 classes, 7 orders and 18 families. Ostrinia furnacalis, Monolepta hieroglyphica, aphid and spider mite were the main pests which rates of pest fields were all above 80% the numbers of pest per 100 plants or damage rank were higher than other pests. However, Agromyza parvicornis, Orgyia antiqua, Cicadella viridis, Acronycta rumicis, Trigonotylus ruficornis, Potosia brevitarsis had no threat to maize production for the reason that their rates of pest fields were all under 20% and the numbers of pest per 100 plants were less than 1. Additionally, the migratory pest armyworm, Mythimna separate was an important pest at maize kernel stages. Helicoverpa armigera was also a potential important pest. The results of our investigation provided scientific basis for maize pests monitoring and forecasting mechanisms and reasonable integrated pest management at maize kernel stages.