叶面喷施沼液肥对温室香瓜茄叶片光合特性、果实产量和品质的影响

以香瓜茄为材料,在日光温室条件下,于果实发育期叶面喷施沼液肥,研究沼液肥施用浓度及其与土壤追肥配合对香瓜茄叶片光合特性和果实产量与品质的影响。结果表明,稀释100倍沼液肥处理的叶片总氮和叶绿素质量分数分别为35.7 g·kg^-1和1.129 mg·g^-1,显著高于稀释400倍沼液肥的处理和对照,沼液肥配合土壤追肥时叶片总氮和叶绿素质量分数明显高于只喷施沼液肥的。香瓜茄果实膨大期叶片净光合速率高于开花期和果实成熟期,叶面喷施沼液肥后叶片平均Pn(10.2μmol·m^-2·s^-1)显著高于对照(7.88μmol·m^-2·s^-1),沼液肥配合土壤追肥的Pn(10.30μmol·m^-2·s^-1)显著高于单喷沼液肥处理(8.94μmol·m^-2·s^-1)。叶面喷施中,高浓度沼液肥能显著提高香瓜茄果实产量和品质,两个土壤施肥处理平均单果质量比对照分别增加16.8%和22.2%,小区产量提高18.9%和30.4%,果肉硬度提高13.9%和23.2%,可溶性固形物含量增加6.9%和15.3%,喷施沼液肥结合土壤追肥处理的效果优于单喷沼液肥。香瓜茄果实生育期配合土壤追肥的沼液适宜喷施浓度为浓缩沼液稀释100倍。

Effect of biogas slurry foliar spraying on leaf photosynthesis characteristics,fruit yield and quality of pepino in greenhouse

In order to investigate the effect of application concentration of biogas slurry foliar and its combination with soil topdressing on leaf photosynthesis and fruit production of pepino in greenhouse,pepion was used as material in this research,biogas slurry fertilizer was sprayed on the leaf surface during the fruit growth period in the greenhouse.The results showed that the total nitrogen and chlorophyll contents(35.7 g·kg^-1,1.129 mg·g^-1)in the leaves were decreased notably at fruit ripening stage after treated by 100×biogas slurry foliar,which were significantly higher than those in plants sprayed with 400×biogas slurry foliar and the control.The total nitrogen and chlorophyll contents in plants treated with biogas slurry foliar spraying combined with chemical fertilizer topdressing were significantly higher than those treated with biogas slurry spraying only.The carotene contents of the leaves showed a similar pattern as with the chlorophyll.The net photosynthetic rate(Pn)reached a peak of 10.82μmol·m^-2·s^-1 at the fruit expanding period,which was significantly higher than those of the flowering stage or fruit ripening stage.The Pn under the treatment of biogas slurry spraying(10.20μmol·m^-2·s^-1)was significantly higher than that of the control(7.88μmol·m^-2·s^-1),the Pn after treated by biogas slurry spraying combined chemical fertilizer topdressing(10.30μmol·m^-2·s^-1)was significantly higher than that of the biogas slurry spraying(8.94μmol·m^-2·s^-1)only.Leaf spraying of biogas slurry at high or middle concentrations significantly increased the fruit yield and quality,the fruit weights were increased by 16.8%and 22.2%respectively,and the plot fruit yields were increased by 18.9%and 30.4%,the flesh firmness were increased by 13.9%and 23.2%,the total soluble solids contents were increased by 6.9%and 15.3%.The fruit weight,plot fruit yield,flesh firmness and soluble solids content under the treament of biogas slurry spraying combined with chemical fertilizer topdressing were higher than those in plots with biogas slurry spraying only.The results indicated that foliar spraying of biogas slurry on pepino at appropriate concentration could improve the leaf photosynthesis,increase fruit yield and quality,and the effects were positively correlated with biogas slurry concentration and interacted with topdressing of chemical fertilizers.It is recommended that concentrated biogas slurry at dilution rate of 100 can be sprayed at fruit developmental stage of pepino combined with topdressing of chemical fertilizers.