中国森林思想发展脉络探析

先秦时期，受五行和天人关系思想影响，诸子们提出了仁者乐山、森林以时禁发等主张。在秦汉至隋唐时期，随着森林资源的大量消耗，思想家们提出了人工种植竹木、桑果以满足百姓物质生活需求的建议；同时，森林的宜居功能受到重视，森林哲学和森林美学思想得到发展。在宋至明清时期，林业政绩考核的思想和制度得以建立，深化了对森林佐食、入药、园林、护田、防水灾等功能的认知。近代时期，在遭逢水旱灾害以及内忧外患的严峻形势下，学者们放眼看世界，提出发展林业教育、振兴林政、大规模造林的主张。中华人民共和国成立之后，林业思想从以木材生产为主逐步转向以生态建设为主，提出发挥森林的多种功能，城市林业、森林美学等思想和理论蓬勃兴起。

Discussion on the Development of Forest Thought in China

In the pre-Qin period, the philosophers were influenced by the Five Elements Theory and the thought of the relationship between heaven and man, and put forward the idea that the benevolent find joys in mountain and the forest should be banned from cutting at certain time. From the Qin to Sui and Tang dynasties, the massive consumption of forest resources made the ideologists propose to plant bamboo and mulberry trees to meet the material needs of people. At the same time, more attention was put on the livability of forest, and the forest philosophy and aesthetic thoughts were developed. During the time of the Song, Liao, Jin, Yuan and Qing dynasties, the thoughts and systems of forestry performance evaluation were established, and the forest functions of feeding, medicine, landscaping, field protection, and flooding control were better understood. In modern times, under the grim situation of floods, droughts, internal and external politic chaos, scholars proposed to develop forestry education, enhance forestry administration and engage large-scale afforestation with the perspective of the world. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, there has appeared the shift gradually from timber production to ecological construction in forest thought, giving full play to the various functions of forests, and the theories of urban forestry and forest aesthetics have flourished.