春季不同类型城市滨水绿地的微气候与人体舒适度研究

采取实地监测法研究城市滨水绿地的郁闭度以及平均树高对微气候和人体舒适度的影响。在2019年春季（4月），对宝鸡市渭河公园和渭河生态园的9种滨水绿地和1个空地对照进行微气候指标监测，包括温度、相对湿度和风速，人体舒适度采用温湿指数来评价。结果表明，在观测期间各样地的温度先增长后下降，在12:00-14:00期间出现最大值；风速则出现多个峰值。具有中郁闭度配置的滨水绿地的温度值和风速值较高，其中具有高平均树高的滨水绿地的平均温度最高，为14.7℃；具有中平均树高的滨水绿地的平均风速最高，为2.8 m·s^-1；相对湿度先降低后增长，其中具有中郁闭度高平均树高配置的滨水绿地的平均相对湿度最高，为61.6%。各样地的人体舒适度均在上午时段出现明显的增长，随后趋于平稳。显著性分析发现具有中郁闭度及中、高平均树高的滨水绿地产生的降温、增湿以及防风的作用显著优于其他配置的滨水绿地，其中具有中郁闭度、高平均树高的滨水绿地的降温、增湿以及削减风速的作用最显著，效率分别为12.19%、39.58%、20.40%，全天的人体舒适度评级为“冷”。综上，具有中郁闭度、高平均树高的滨水绿地可以更高效地改善微环境，更适宜春季居民的日常游憩。

Effects of Different Urban Waterfront Green Spaces on the Microclimate and Comfort Degree of Humanbeing in Spring

Situ monitoring method was adopted to examine the effects of different canopy closures and tree heights on the microclimate and human comfort degree in waterfront green spaces.The study was carried out in 9 different types of waterfront green spaces and one vacant land in the Weihe Park and Weihe Ecological Park in Baoji City,Shaanxi Province in the spring (April) of 2019,in which the temperature,relative humidity and wind speed were monitored during the observation,and the temperature and humidity index were used to evaluate human comfort.It was observed that the diurnal temperature increased first,and then decreased,the maximum temperature appeared between12:00-14:00.The wind speed appeared several peak values.The green spaces with medium-canopy closure had the highest average temperature and wind speed,in which the green space with high tree height had the highest average temperature (14.7℃) and the green space with medium tree height had the highest average wind speed (2.8 m/s).The relative humidity of all sites showed a significant downward trend and then rose up lately.The green space with medium-canopy and high tree height had the highest relative humidity (61.6%).The human comfort degree in all sites showed a significant increase trend in the morning,and then stabilized in the afternoon.In addition,the variance significance analysis demonstrated that the green land with medium-canopy and high tree height and the green area with medium-canopy and medium tree height had better effects in cooling,humidification and wind blocking,which were significantly better than others.To be specific,the green land with medium-canopy and high tree height was the best,with the effective rates of cooling,humidification and wind-shielding were 12.19%,39.58%,and 20.40%,respectively,and its daily climate comfort-index was “cold”.In general,green spaces with medium-canopy and high tree height could improve the local air environment more efficiently,and they maybe more suitable for residents’ outdoor recreation in spring.