影响北方白菜型冬油菜主要农艺性状变异的气象因子分析

为探究影响北方冬油菜农艺性状的气象因子，以新疆自治区阿勒泰、乌鲁木齐和喀什为研究试点，选择陇油6号、陇油7号、陇油8号、天油2号、天油4号、天油7号共6个抗寒性不同的白菜型冬油菜品种为研究材料，采用适定性分析法和相关性分析法，研究气象因子对冬油菜的株高、主花序角果数、单株角果数、角粒数等农艺性状的影响。结果显示：随纬度降低越冬率增加，农艺性状变劣，其中千粒重、株高和角粒数变异系数较小，分别为5.86%、6.23%和12.63%，单株角果数的变异系数较大，为28.25%；参试品种间，强抗寒品种陇油6号和陇油7号的农艺性状变异系数较小，弱抗寒品种天油2号等变异系数较大；农艺性状与越冬率显著正相关（P<0.05），角粒数与各种气象因子的相关性均达显著水平（P<0.05）；积雪天数、年降雨量和最大积雪厚度对农艺性状具有正效应，累积贡献率达到0.877，最冷月最低气温、地面极端低温、负积温和年均气温对农艺性状具有负效应，累积贡献率达到-0.871。因此，在北方寒区，选择强抗寒冬油菜品种有利于保持农艺性状稳定，获得较好产量与效益。

Analysis of Meteorological Factors Influencing the Variation of MainAgronomic Traits of Northern Winter Rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.)

In order to explore the meteorological factors affecting the agronomic characteristics of winter rape in northern China, three localities, including Altay, Urumqi and Kashgar in Xinjiang Autonomous region were selected; six cabbage winter rape varieties with different levels of cold resistance (Longyou 6, Longyou 7, Longyou 8, Tianyou 2, Tianyou 4 and Tianyou 7) were selected as research materials; and the methods of appropriateness analysis and correlation analysis were used. The effects of meteorological factors on agronomic characteristics, such as plant height, pod number of main inflorescence, pod number per plant and pod number of winter rape were studied. The results showed that with the decrease of latitude, overwintering rate increased, and agronomic characteristics became worse as well, in which the coefficients of variation of 1 000 seed weight, plant height and pod number were 5.86%, 6.23% and 12.63%, respectively, and the coefficient of variation of pods per plant was 28.25%. Among the tested varieties, the coefficient of variation of agronomic characteristics of strong cold resistant varieties (Longyou 6 and Longyou 7) was smaller than that of other varieties, while that of weak cold resistant varieties Tianyou 2 was larger than that of other varieties. There was a significant positive correlation between agronomic traits and overwintering rate (P< 0.05), of which there was a significant correlation between pod number and meteorological factors (P< 0.05). Days of snow covered, annual rainfall and maximum snow thickness had positive effects on agronomic characteristics, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 0.877, while the lowest temperature in the coldest month, extreme low temperature on the ground, negative temperature and average annual temperature had negative effects on agronomic characteristics, and the cumulative contribution rate reached -0.871. Therefore, in northern cold region, the selection of winter rape varieties with strong cold resistance was beneficial to maintain the stability of agronomic characteristics and obtain better yield and economic benefit.