小麦秸秆水浸液对3种中药材的化感效应

以商洛道地中药材桔梗(Platycodon grandiflorum A.DC)、黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)、丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge)种子为材料,研究不同梯度(0,0.5%,1.0%,2.5%,5.0%,10.0%)小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)秸秆水浸液对3种受体中药材种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,低梯度(0.5%,1.0%)的小麦秸秆浸提液对3种受体中药材种子的萌发、幼苗根长、苗高、鲜质量、可溶性糖含量及可溶性蛋白含量均有明显的化感促进作用;但随着水浸液梯度的提升,其对受体的促进作用逐渐转变为抑制作用。在试验梯度范围内,小麦秸秆水浸液对3种受体中药材幼苗光合速率的影响各不相同(促进黄芩光合作用、抑制丹参光合作用,对桔梗光合作用没有影响)。小麦秸秆水浸液可以在某种程度上促进桔梗、黄芩、丹参种子萌发和幼苗生长。

Allelopathy Effects of Water Extracts of Wheat Straw on Three Chinese Herbal Medicinal Plants

The potential allelopathic effect of wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.) on seed germination, seedling growth and physiology was investigated with three medicinal plants (Platycodon grandiflorum A.DC, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge) with different concentrations (0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%). The results showed that low concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%) of wheat straw aqueous extract stimulated the germination and seedling growth (root length, shoot height, fresh weight) of all receptor plants significantly. With the concentration of the aqueous extract increased, the stimulating effects gradually decreased, and even changed into inhibited. The aqueous leachate of wheat straw exerted different allelopathic effects on physiology of different test medicinal plants. For Platycodon grandiflorum A.DC, there was no significant difference in photosynthesis rate at all tested concentration compared with control. For Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, the lower concentration of leachates stimulated the net photosynthesis rate, yet the higher concentration decreased the net photosynthesis rate, and all tested concentration had inhibited effects on Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge and decreased its net photosynthesis rate. However, the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein of all tested plants were stimulated by low concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%) of wheat straw aqueous extract. Wheat straw aqueous extract can promote seed germination and seedling growth of the three medicinal plants.