不同土壤对元阳传统水稻品种稻瘟病抗性的影响

为研究不同品种水稻稻瘟病发病情况与土壤理化特性的相关性,本研究以元阳传统水稻品种‘月亮谷’为主要研究对象,分别将‘月亮谷’和‘日本晴’种植于元阳梯田土和温室土中,‘月亮谷’、‘红阳3号’、‘蒙古稻’、‘日本晴’和‘越光’种植于元阳梯田土和东港稻田土中,在水稻生长到三叶一心期时,进行稻瘟病接菌处理,同时对种植土壤理化性质进行测定,分析各理化指标与不同水稻品种稻瘟病病情指数的相关性。结果表明,‘日本晴’在两种土中的稻瘟病病情指数为29.07%和29.63%,是‘月亮谷’的两倍(12.04%,14.81%);元阳梯田土有效磷含量与‘月亮谷’‘日本晴’病情指数相关性指数分别为-0.945,-0.946。东港稻田土有效磷含量是元阳梯田土的2.68倍,呈极显著差异(p<0.01)。‘月亮谷’、‘红阳3号’、‘蒙古稻’病情指数在东港稻田土中分别比在元阳梯田土中增加了10%、25%、15%,‘越光’‘日本晴’分别降低了7%、15%。元阳水稻品种在元阳梯田土中均发病较低,而在东港土中发病程度加剧。说明稻瘟病的发生与水稻的品种,土壤pH值、有机质含量以及碱解氮均有显著的相关性。本试验为进一步研究元阳梯田土壤与当地水稻品种抗稻瘟病之间的关系提供了理论基础、明确了梯田土壤对当地水稻品种抗稻瘟病的促进作用。

The Effects of Different Soils on Yuanyang Traditional Rice Varieties Resistance to Rice Blast

In order to explore the correlation between different rice varieties incidence of rice blast and the physicochemical characteristics of soil, the Yuanyang traditional rice variety ’Acuce’ was chosen as the main research object. The ’Acuce’ and the ’Nipponbare’ were planted in the Yuanyang terrace soil and greenhouse soil, respectively.The rice blast inoculation treatment was carried out when rice grew at the three-leaf-and-one-leaflet stage. At the same time, the physical and chemical properties of the cultivated soil were determined. The correlation between physical and chemical indexes and rice blast disease indexes was analyzed. The results showed that the rice blast disease indexes of ’Nipponbare’ in the two soils samples were 29.07% and 29.63%, twice as large as ’Acuce’disease indexes(12.04%, 14.81%) respectively. The correlation index between the soil available phosphorus content in Yuanyang terrace soil and the disease index of ’Acuce’ and ’Nipponbare’ was-0.945 and-0.946, respectively.There significant difference between the soil available phosphorus content in Donggang paddy field and Yuanyang terrace soil which was 2.68 times as that in Yuanyang terrace soil(p<0.01). The disease index of ’Acuce’, ’Hongyang3’ and ’Mongolian’ in Donggang paddy soil was higher than that in Yuanyang terraced soil, which was 10%, 25%and 15% respectively, while ’Yueguang’ and ’Nipponbare’ decreased by 7% and 15% respectively. The incidence of Yuanyang rice varieties in the terraced soil of Yuanyang was lower and the severity of the disease in Donggang soil was higher. This indicated the occurrence of rice blast associated with the rice variety, pH value of soil, organic matter content and alkalytic nitrogen significantly. The results provided a theoretical basis for further study on the relationship between the resistance of local rice varieties to blast and the soil of terraces in Yuanyang.