2005—2012年新疆南疆棉区棉花杂交种主要经济性状优势分析

研究杂交棉在高密度植棉模式下主要经济性状优势，为新疆南疆棉区棉花杂交种利用提供理论依据。利用2005-2012年南疆中早熟杂交棉和常规陆地棉区域试验品系和审定品种的皮棉产量、纤维品质性状的多年多点数据，进行整理和对比分析。在高密度膜下滴灌种植模式下，杂交棉参试组合经历了起步-快速发展-急速下降的过程。杂交棉参加区试组合在单株铃数、单铃重、衣分变幅较大。陆陆杂交棉组合平均皮棉产量略高于常规陆地棉，纤维长度、比强度等品质指标略低于常规陆地棉，但均不显著。陆陆杂交棉审定品种在单株结铃、单铃重方面显著高于常规陆地棉，但每公顷铃数较常规陆地棉低3．0万个，平均皮棉产量差异不显著。陆海杂交种在单株铃数、纤维品质、抗病性等总体优于陆陆杂交种和常规棉，但在单铃重、衣分、皮棉产量平均分别低于常规陆地棉27．0％、11．3％、7．0％。在目前高密度植棉模式下，参试杂交棉组合较常规陆地棉生产优势并不明显，继续开展高密度强优势杂交棉育种及种植模式研究非常必要。

The Comparative Analysis on Economic Traits Advantages of Hybrid Cotton in South Xinjiang Region from 2005 to 2012

This article researched to the main economic characters＇ superiority under high density planting of regional test strains and certificated varieties of the hybrid cotton in south Xinjiang of China, so as to provide theoretical basis for using hybrid utilization. This article used to the data of lint yield and fiber traits in regional test strains and certificated varieties of the hybrid cotton in south Xinjiang from 2005 to 2012, and analyzed them. Hybrid cotton proceed to start-fast develop-rapidly decline process at the high density of drip irrigation in regional test, the amplitude index of the number of bolls, boll weight and lint percent for hybrid cotton of regional test strains were higher than the conventional cotton. For the average lint yield, G. hirsutum × G.hirsutum cotton combination was a little higher than the conventional cotton, but the superiority was not remarkable. Fiber length and fiber strength was little lower than the conventional cotton, but the effect was not remarkable. The G. hirsutum× G. hirsutum cotton of certified varieties for the number of bolls per plant and boll weight were remarkable higher than the conventional upland cotton except the lint percent. But for the number of bolls per hectare, which was lower than convention cotton as much as 30000. The G.hirsutum× G.barbadense cotton was more excellent than G. hirsutum× G. hirsutum hybrid and conventional upland cotton for the number of bolls per plant, fiber quality, disease resistance and so on, but it was lower than the conventional upland cotton for the bolls weight, lint percent, average lint yield, it was below 27.0%, 11.3%, 7.0%, respectively. The hybrid cotton of the main economic characters＇ superiority were not obvious higher than conventional upland cotton, so it was necessary to study on strong heterosis of hybrid cotton breeding and planting patterns at the high-density in South Xinjiang.