农田土壤重金属污染监测技术发展趋势

农田土壤作为人类各种粮食作物赖以生存的自然环境,其生态环境问题一直是环境科学界研究的热点.随着世界工业化和城市化进程整体快速推进,环境污染日益加剧,土壤的重金属污染甚为严重,为了更好地对土壤环境进行监测评估和控制,研究和开发有效的检测土壤重金属方面的仪器和监测方法是十分必要的.为此,简述了国内外常用的实验室监测农田土壤重金属污染的技术及其监测局限性,同时重点介绍了基于激光诱导击穿光谱法和磁化率法这2种现场快速监测技术的研究发展现状及对其未来发展需要解决的关键问题进行了探讨.最后对比分析了实验室及现场快速这2种监测方式自身的优劣势,进而探讨了未来区域农田土壤重金属污染监测技术的发展趋势.

Development of Technologies for Monitoring Agricultural Soil Heavy Metal Pollution

As the survival environment of various grain crops for humans, the eco-environmental problems of the agricultural soil are always the hot spot in the field of environmental sciences. With the rapid industrialization and urbanization in the world, soil pollution increasingly intensifying, especially heavy metal contamination. In order to monitoring and controlling the soil pollution problems effectively, it is a general trend to research and explore effective detecting instruments and methods for the soil heavy metal pollution. The laboratory methods and their detecting limitations for heavy metal contents determination in soils at home and abroad were reviewed. The in-situ rapid measurement methods based on laser induced breakdown spectrometry and magnetic susceptibility were mainly summarized, and the key problems to be solved for their future development were also studied. At last the comprehensive comparisons of the advantages also disadvantages of laboratory detection and in-situ rapid determination were analyzed and future development trend of regional agricultural soil heavy metal pollution detection technology was discussed.